SPA(3)                      RSX Framework Manual                      SPA(3)

NAME
    spa - Single Page Application routing for authenticated areas

SYNOPSIS
    PHP Bootstrap Controller (one per SPA module):

    class Frontend_Spa_Controller extends Rsx_Controller_Abstract
    {
        #[SPA]
        #[Auth('Permission::authenticated()')]
        public static function index(Request $request, array $params = [])
        {
            return rsx_view(SPA);
        }
    }

    JavaScript Action (many per module):

    @route('/contacts')
    @layout('Frontend_Layout')
    @spa('Frontend_Spa_Controller::index')
    class Contacts_Index_Action extends Spa_Action {
        async on_load() {
            this.data.contacts = await Frontend_Contacts_Controller.datagrid_fetch();
        }
    }

DESCRIPTION
    The RSX SPA system provides client-side routing for authenticated application
    areas, enabling navigation without page reloads. Unlike traditional Laravel
    views where each navigation triggers a full page load, SPA modules bootstrap
    once and handle all subsequent navigation client-side through JavaScript
    actions.

    This approach is fundamentally different from traditional server-side routing:
    - Traditional: Every navigation loads new HTML from server
    - SPA: First request bootstraps application, subsequent navigation is client-side

    Key differences from Laravel:
    - Laravel: Full page reload per navigation, routes in routes/ files
    - RSX: Bootstrap once, routes defined in JavaScript with @route() decorator

    - Laravel: Separate frontend frameworks (Vue, React) require build tooling
    - RSX: Integrated JQHTML component system, no external build required

    - Laravel: API routes separate from view routes
    - RSX: Controllers provide Ajax endpoints, actions consume them

    Benefits:
    - No page reloads after initial bootstrap
    - Persistent layout across navigation
    - Automatic browser history integration
    - Same Rsx::Route() syntax for both traditional and SPA routes
    - No frontend build tooling required

    When to use:
    - Authenticated areas (dashboards, admin panels)
    - Applications with frequent navigation
    - Features requiring persistent state

    When to avoid:
    - Public pages requiring SEO
    - Simple static content
    - Forms without complex interactions

SPA ARCHITECTURE
    SPA Module Structure:
        An SPA module consists of six component types:

        1. PHP Bootstrap Controller (ONE per feature/bundle)
           - Single entry point marked with #[SPA]
           - Performs authentication check with failure/redirect
           - Renders SPA bootstrap layout
           - Referenced by all actions via @spa() decorator
           - One #[SPA] per feature/bundle (e.g., /app/frontend, /app/root, /app/login)
           - Bundles segregate code for security and performance:
             * Save bandwidth by loading only needed features
             * Reduce processing time by smaller bundle sizes
             * Protect confidential code (e.g., root admin from unauthorized users)
           - Typically one #[SPA] per feature at rsx/app/(feature)/(feature)_spa_controller::index

        2. Feature Controllers (Ajax Endpoints Only)
           - Provide data via #[Ajax_Endpoint] methods
           - No #[SPA] or #[Route] methods
           - Called by actions to fetch/save data

        3. JavaScript Actions (MANY per module)
           - Represent individual pages/routes
           - Define route patterns with @route()
           - Load data in on_load() lifecycle method
           - Access URL parameters via this.args

        4. Action Templates (.jqhtml)
           - Render action content
           - Standard JQHTML component templates
           - Replace traditional Blade views

        5. Layout Template (.jqhtml)
           - Persistent wrapper around actions
           - Must have element with $id="content"
           - Persists across action navigation

        6. Layout Class (.js)
           - Extends Spa_Layout
           - Optional on_action() hook for navigation tracking

    Execution Flow:
        First Request:
            1. User navigates to SPA route (e.g., /contacts)
            2. Dispatcher calls bootstrap controller
            3. Bootstrap returns rsx_view(SPA) with window.rsxapp.is_spa = true
            4. Client JavaScript discovers all actions via manifest
            5. Router matches URL to action class
            6. Creates layout on <body>
            7. Creates action inside layout $id="content" area

        Subsequent Navigation:
            1. User clicks link or calls Spa.dispatch()
            2. Router matches URL to action class
            3. Destroys old action, creates new action
            4. Layout persists - no re-render
            5. No server request, no page reload

BOOTSTRAP CONTROLLER
    Creating SPA Entry Point:
        // /rsx/app/frontend/Frontend_Spa_Controller.php
        class Frontend_Spa_Controller extends Rsx_Controller_Abstract
        {
            #[SPA]
            #[Auth('Permission::authenticated()')]
            public static function index(Request $request, array $params = [])
            {
                return rsx_view(SPA);
            }
        }

    Key Points:
        - One bootstrap controller per feature/bundle
        - #[SPA] attribute marks as SPA entry point
        - #[Auth] performs server-side authentication with failure/redirect
        - Must return rsx_view(SPA) - special constant
        - All actions in the same bundle reference this via @spa() decorator

    Bundle Segregation:
        - Separate bundles for different features: /app/frontend, /app/root, /app/login
        - Each bundle has its own #[SPA] bootstrap
        - Benefits:
          * Bandwidth: Users only download code for authorized features
          * Performance: Smaller bundles = faster load times
          * Security: Root admin code never sent to unauthorized users
        - Example: Frontend users never receive root admin JavaScript/CSS

    Location:
        - Place at feature root: /rsx/app/{feature}/
        - Not in subdirectories
        - One per feature/bundle
        - Naming: {Feature}_Spa_Controller::index

    Multiple SPA Bootstraps:
        Different features can have separate SPA bootstraps:
        - /app/frontend/Frontend_Spa_Controller::index (regular users)
        - /app/root/Root_Spa_Controller::index (root admins)
        - /app/login/Login_Spa_Controller::index (authentication flow)

        Each bootstrap controls access to its feature's actions via #[Auth].

FEATURE CONTROLLERS
    Ajax Endpoint Pattern:
        Feature controllers provide data endpoints only, no routes or SPA entry:

        // /rsx/app/frontend/contacts/frontend_contacts_controller.php
        class Frontend_Contacts_Controller extends Rsx_Controller_Abstract
        {
            #[Ajax_Endpoint]
            public static function datagrid_fetch(Request $request, array $params = []): array
            {
                return Contacts_DataGrid::fetch($params);
            }

            #[Ajax_Endpoint]
            public static function save(Request $request, array $params = [])
            {
                // Validation and save logic
                $contact->save();

                Flash_Alert::success('Contact saved successfully');

                return [
                    'contact_id' => $contact->id,
                    'redirect' => Rsx::Route('Contacts_View_Action', $contact->id),
                ];
            }
        }

    Guidelines:
        - All methods are #[Ajax_Endpoint]
        - No #[Route] methods in SPA feature controllers
        - No #[SPA] methods (only in bootstrap controller)
        - Return arrays/data, not views
        - Use Flash_Alert with redirects for success messages

    See Also:
        ajax_error_handling(3) for error patterns
        controller(3) for #[Ajax_Endpoint] details

JAVASCRIPT ACTIONS
    Creating Actions:
        // /rsx/app/frontend/contacts/Contacts_Index_Action.js
        @route('/contacts')
        @layout('Frontend_Layout')
        @spa('Frontend_Spa_Controller::index')
        class Contacts_Index_Action extends Spa_Action {
            async on_load() {
                this.data.contacts = await Frontend_Contacts_Controller.datagrid_fetch();
            }

            on_create() {
                // Component initialization
            }

            on_ready() {
                // DOM is ready, setup event handlers
                this.$id('search').on('input', () => this.reload());
            }
        }

    Decorator Syntax:
        @route(pattern)
            URL pattern with optional :param segments
            Example: '/contacts/:id', '/users/:id/posts/:post_id'

        @layout(class_name)
            Layout class to render within
            Example: 'Frontend_Layout', 'Dashboard_Layout'

        @spa(controller::method)
            References bootstrap controller
            Example: 'Frontend_Spa_Controller::index'

        @title(page_title)
            Browser page title for this action (optional, clears if not present)
            Alternatively, set dynamically in on_ready() via document.title = "value"
            Example: @title('Contacts - RSX')

    URL Parameters:
        Parameters from route pattern and query string available in this.args:

        // URL: /contacts/123?tab=history
        @route('/contacts/:id')
        class Contacts_View_Action extends Spa_Action {
            on_create() {
                console.log(this.args.id);   // "123"
                console.log(this.args.tab);  // "history"
            }
        }

    Lifecycle Methods:
        on_create()     Component construction, setup this.state
        on_load()       Fetch data, populate this.data (read-only this.args)
        on_render()     Template rendering
        on_ready()      DOM ready, setup event handlers

    See Also:
        jqhtml(3) for complete lifecycle documentation

ACTION TEMPLATES
    Creating Templates:
        Action templates are standard JQHTML components:

        <!-- /rsx/app/frontend/contacts/Contacts_Index_Action.jqhtml -->
        <Define:Contacts_Index_Action tag="main">
          <h1>Contacts</h1>

          <div class="contacts-list">
            <% for (let contact of this.data.contacts) { %>
              <div class="contact-item">
                <a href="<%= Rsx.Route('Contacts_View_Action', {id: contact.id}) %>">
                  <%= contact.name %>
                </a>
              </div>
            <% } %>
          </div>
        </Define:Contacts_Index_Action>

    Key Points:
        - Use Rsx.Route() for all URLs, never hardcode
        - Access data via this.data (loaded in on_load)
        - Use standard JQHTML template syntax
        - Can reference other components

LAYOUTS
    Layout Template:
        Layout provides persistent wrapper around actions:

        <!-- /rsx/app/frontend/Frontend_Layout.jqhtml -->
        <Define:Frontend_Layout>
          <div class="frontend-layout">
            <header class="mb-3">
              <h1>My App</h1>
              <nav>
                <a href="<%= Rsx.Route('Contacts_Index_Action') %>">Contacts</a>
                <a href="<%= Rsx.Route('Projects_Index_Action') %>">Projects</a>
              </nav>
            </header>

            <main $id="content">
              <!-- Actions render here -->
            </main>

            <footer class="mt-3">
              <p>&copy; 2024 My Company</p>
            </footer>
          </div>
        </Define:Frontend_Layout>

    Requirements:
        - Must have element with $id="content"
        - Content area is where actions render
        - Layout persists across navigation

    Layout Class:
        Optional JavaScript class for navigation tracking:

        // /rsx/app/frontend/Frontend_Layout.js
        class Frontend_Layout extends Spa_Layout {
            on_action(url, action_name, args) {
                // Called AFTER action component created and booted
                // Called BEFORE action reaches on_ready()
                // Can immediately access this.action properties

                // Update active nav highlighting
                this.$('.nav-link').removeClass('active');
                this.$(`[data-action="${action_name}"]`).addClass('active');

                // If you need to wait for action's full lifecycle:
                // await this.action.ready();
            }
        }

        on_action() Lifecycle Timing:
        - Called after action component is created and booted
        - Called before action reaches on_ready()
        - Can immediately access this.action properties
        - Use await this.action.ready() to wait for action's full loading

URL GENERATION
    CRITICAL: All URLs must use Rsx::Route() or Rsx.Route(). Raw URLs like
    "/contacts" will produce errors.

    Signature:
        Rsx::Route($action, $params = null)
        Rsx.Route(action, params = null)

        Where:
        - $action: Controller class, SPA action, or "Class::method"
          Defaults to 'index' method if no :: present
        - $params: Integer sets 'id', array/object provides named params

    PHP Syntax:
        // Works for both controller routes and SPA actions
        Rsx::Route('Contacts_Index_Action')     // /contacts
        Rsx::Route('Contacts_View_Action', 123) // /contacts/123

    JavaScript Syntax:
        // Works for both controller routes and SPA actions
        Rsx.Route('Contacts_Index_Action')     // /contacts
        Rsx.Route('Contacts_View_Action', 123) // /contacts/123

    Automatic Detection:
        Rsx::Route() automatically detects whether the class is:
        - PHP controller with #[Route] attribute
        - JavaScript SPA action with @route() decorator

    Query Parameters:
        Extra parameters become query string:

        Rsx::Route('Contacts_Index_Action', ['filter' => 'active', 'sort' => 'name'])
        // Result: /contacts?filter=active&sort=name

NAVIGATION
    Automatic Browser Integration:
        - Clicking links to SPA routes triggers client-side navigation
        - Browser back/forward buttons handled without page reload
        - URL updates in address bar via pushState()
        - Links to external or non-SPA routes perform full page load

    Programmatic Navigation:
        Spa.dispatch(url)
            Navigate to URL programmatically
            If URL is part of current SPA, uses client-side routing
            If URL is external or different SPA, performs full page load

        Example:
            // Navigate within SPA
            Spa.dispatch('/contacts/123');

            // Navigate to external URL (full page load)
            Spa.dispatch('https://example.com');

        Use Spa.dispatch() instead of window.location for all navigation.

    Accessing Active Components:
        Spa.layout      Reference to current layout component instance
        Spa.action      Reference to current action component instance

        Example:
            // From anywhere in SPA context
            Spa.action.reload();           // Reload current action
            Spa.layout.update_nav();       // Call layout method

FILE ORGANIZATION
    Standard SPA Module Structure:
        /rsx/app/frontend/
        |-- Frontend_Spa_Controller.php         # Bootstrap controller
        |-- Frontend_Layout.js                  # Layout class
        |-- Frontend_Layout.jqhtml              # Layout template
        |-- frontend_bundle.php                 # Bundle definition
        |
        |-- contacts/
        |   |-- frontend_contacts_controller.php    # Ajax endpoints
        |   |-- Contacts_Index_Action.js            # /contacts
        |   |-- Contacts_Index_Action.jqhtml
        |   |-- Contacts_View_Action.js             # /contacts/:id
        |   `-- Contacts_View_Action.jqhtml
        |
        `-- projects/
            |-- frontend_projects_controller.php
            |-- Projects_Index_Action.js
            `-- Projects_Index_Action.jqhtml

    Naming Conventions:
        - Bootstrap controller: {Module}_Spa_Controller.php
        - Feature controllers: {feature}_{module}_controller.php
        - Actions: {Feature}_{Action}_Action.js
        - Templates: {Feature}_{Action}_Action.jqhtml
        - Layout: {Module}_Layout.js and .jqhtml

EXAMPLES
    Complete Contacts Module:

        1. Bootstrap Controller:
            // /rsx/app/frontend/Frontend_Spa_Controller.php
            class Frontend_Spa_Controller extends Rsx_Controller_Abstract
            {
                #[SPA]
                #[Auth('Permission::authenticated()')]
                public static function index(Request $request, array $params = [])
                {
                    return rsx_view(SPA);
                }
            }

        2. Feature Controller:
            // /rsx/app/frontend/contacts/frontend_contacts_controller.php
            class Frontend_Contacts_Controller extends Rsx_Controller_Abstract
            {
                #[Ajax_Endpoint]
                public static function fetch_all(Request $request, array $params = []): array
                {
                    $contacts = Contact_Model::query()
                        ->where('is_active', 1)
                        ->orderBy('name')
                        ->get();

                    return $contacts->toArray();
                }

                #[Ajax_Endpoint]
                public static function save(Request $request, array $params = [])
                {
                    $contact = Contact_Model::findOrNew($params['id'] ?? null);
                    $contact->fill($params);
                    $contact->save();

                    Flash_Alert::success('Contact saved');

                    return [
                        'contact_id' => $contact->id,
                        'redirect' => Rsx::Route('Contacts_View_Action', $contact->id),
                    ];
                }
            }

        3. List Action:
            // /rsx/app/frontend/contacts/Contacts_Index_Action.js
            @route('/contacts')
            @layout('Frontend_Layout')
            @spa('Frontend_Spa_Controller::index')
            class Contacts_Index_Action extends Spa_Action {
                async on_load() {
                    this.data.contacts = await Frontend_Contacts_Controller.fetch_all();
                }
            }

        4. List Template:
            <!-- /rsx/app/frontend/contacts/Contacts_Index_Action.jqhtml -->
            <Define:Contacts_Index_Action tag="main">
              <h1>Contacts</h1>
              <% for (let contact of this.data.contacts) { %>
                <div>
                  <a href="<%= Rsx.Route('Contacts_View_Action', {id: contact.id}) %>">
                    <%= contact.name %>
                  </a>
                </div>
              <% } %>
            </Define:Contacts_Index_Action>

        5. View Action with Parameters:
            // /rsx/app/frontend/contacts/Contacts_View_Action.js
            @route('/contacts/:id')
            @layout('Frontend_Layout')
            @spa('Frontend_Spa_Controller::index')
            class Contacts_View_Action extends Spa_Action {
                async on_load() {
                    const contact_id = this.args.id;
                    this.data.contact = await Contact_Model.fetch(contact_id);
                }
            }

        6. Layout:
            <!-- /rsx/app/frontend/Frontend_Layout.jqhtml -->
            <Define:Frontend_Layout>
              <div class="app">
                <header>
                  <nav>
                    <a href="<%= Rsx.Route('Contacts_Index_Action') %>">Contacts</a>
                  </nav>
                </header>
                <main $id="content"></main>
              </div>
            </Define:Frontend_Layout>

SPA VS TRADITIONAL ROUTES
    Architecture Comparison:

        Traditional Route:
            Every navigation:
            1. Browser sends HTTP request to server
            2. Controller executes, queries database
            3. Blade template renders full HTML page
            4. Server sends complete HTML to browser
            5. Browser parses and renders new page
            6. JavaScript re-initializes
            7. User sees page flash/reload

        SPA Route:
            First navigation:
            1. Browser sends HTTP request to server
            2. Bootstrap controller renders SPA shell
            3. JavaScript initializes, discovers actions
            4. Router matches URL to action
            5. Action loads data via Ajax
            6. Action renders in persistent layout

            Subsequent navigation:
            1. Router matches URL to action (client-side)
            2. New action loads data via Ajax
            3. New action renders in existing layout
            4. No server request, no page reload
            5. Layout persists (header/nav/footer stay)

    Code Comparison:

        Traditional:
            // Controller
            #[Route('/contacts')]
            public static function index(Request $request, array $params = []) {
                $contacts = Contact_Model::all();
                return rsx_view('Contacts_List', ['contacts' => $contacts]);
            }

            // Blade view
            @extends('layout')
            @section('content')
                <h1>Contacts</h1>
                @foreach($contacts as $contact)
                    <div>{{ $contact->name }}</div>
                @endforeach
            @endsection

        SPA:
            // Bootstrap (once)
            #[SPA]
            public static function index(Request $request, array $params = []) {
                return rsx_view(SPA);
            }

            // Ajax endpoint
            #[Ajax_Endpoint]
            public static function fetch_all(Request $request, array $params = []): array {
                return Contact_Model::all()->toArray();
            }

            // Action
            @route('/contacts')
            @spa('Frontend_Spa_Controller::index')
            class Contacts_Index_Action extends Spa_Action {
                async on_load() {
                    this.data.contacts = await Frontend_Contacts_Controller.fetch_all();
                }
            }

            // Template
            <Define:Contacts_Index_Action>
                <h1>Contacts</h1>
                <% for (let contact of this.data.contacts) { %>
                    <div><%= contact.name %></div>
                <% } %>
            </Define:Contacts_Index_Action>

TROUBLESHOOTING
    SPA Not Initializing:
        - Verify bootstrap controller has #[SPA] attribute
        - Check controller returns rsx_view(SPA)
        - Ensure bundle includes SPA directory
        - Verify window.rsxapp.is_spa is true in HTML

    Action Not Found:
        - Check @route() decorator matches URL pattern
        - Verify action extends Spa_Action
        - Ensure action file included in bundle
        - Run: php artisan rsx:manifest:build

    Navigation Not Working:
        - Verify using Rsx.Route() not hardcoded URLs
        - Check @spa() decorator references correct bootstrap controller
        - Ensure layout has $id="content" element
        - Test Spa.dispatch() directly

    Layout Not Persisting:
        - Verify all actions in module use same @layout()
        - Check layout template has $id="content"
        - Ensure not mixing SPA and traditional routes

    this.args Empty:
        - Check route pattern includes :param for dynamic segments
        - Verify URL matches route pattern exactly
        - Remember query params (?key=value) also in this.args

    Data Not Loading:
        - Verify Ajax endpoint has #[Ajax_Endpoint]
        - Check endpoint returns array, not view
        - Ensure await used in on_load() for async calls
        - Verify controller included in bundle

COMMON PATTERNS
    Conditional Navigation:
        // Navigate based on condition
        if (user.is_admin) {
            Spa.dispatch(Rsx.Route('Admin_Dashboard_Action'));
        } else {
            Spa.dispatch(Rsx.Route('User_Dashboard_Action'));
        }

    Reloading Current Action:
        // Refresh current action data
        Spa.action.reload();

    Form Submission with Redirect:
        async on_submit() {
            const data = this.vals();
            const result = await Controller.save(data);

            if (result.errors) {
                Form_Utils.apply_form_errors(this.$, result.errors);
                return;
            }

            // Flash alert set server-side, redirect to view
            Spa.dispatch(result.redirect);
        }

    Multiple Layouts:
        // Different layouts for different areas
        @layout('Admin_Layout')
        class Admin_Users_Action extends Spa_Action { }

        @layout('Frontend_Layout')
        class Frontend_Contacts_Action extends Spa_Action { }

SEE ALSO
    controller(3) - Controller patterns and Ajax endpoints
    jqhtml(3) - Component lifecycle and templates
    routing(3) - URL generation and route patterns
    modals(3) - Modal dialogs in SPA context
    ajax_error_handling(3) - Error handling patterns