RSpade Models (Rsx_Model_Abstract)

OVERVIEW

All RSX models must extend Rsx_Model_Abstract, which provides:
- Enum system with magic properties and methods
- Mass assignment prevention (explicit field assignment only)
- Eager loading prevention (explicit queries only)
- Ajax ORM fetch() system
- Automatic boolean casting for TINYINT(1) columns
- Relationship management via #[Relationship] attribute

ENUM SYSTEM

Define enums using public static $enums property:

    public static $enums = [
        'status_id' => [
            1 => ['constant' => 'STATUS_ACTIVE', 'label' => 'Active', 'order' => 1],
            2 => ['constant' => 'STATUS_INACTIVE', 'label' => 'Inactive', 'order' => 2]
        ],
        'role_id' => [
            1 => ['constant' => 'ROLE_ADMIN', 'label' => 'Administrator'],
            2 => ['constant' => 'ROLE_USER', 'label' => 'User']
        ]
    ];

Magic Properties (Instance):
- $model->status_id_label - Get label for current enum value
- $model->status_id_constant - Get constant name for current value
- $model->status_id_order - Get sort order for current value
- $model->status_id_enum_val - Get all properties for current value

Magic Methods (Static):
- Model::status_id_enum() - Get all enum definitions (sorted by 'order')
- Model::status_id_enum_select() - Get key/label pairs for dropdowns
- Model::status_id_enum_ids() - Get all possible enum values

Enum properties in $enums can include any custom keys (label, order, constant,
color, icon, etc.). All properties are exported to JavaScript via toArray().

Optional 'selectable' property (default true) controls dropdown visibility:
    2 => ['constant' => 'STATUS_ARCHIVED', 'label' => 'Archived', 'selectable' => false]

MASS ASSIGNMENT PREVENTION

Mass assignment is explicitly prohibited. Use explicit field assignment:

    // CORRECT
    $model = new User_Model();
    $model->name = $request->input('name');
    $model->email = $request->input('email');
    $model->save();

    // WRONG - throws MassAssignmentException
    $model = User_Model::create(['name' => 'John', 'email' => 'john@example.com']);
    $model->fill(['name' => 'John']);
    $model->update(['name' => 'John']);

Blocked methods: fill(), forceFill(), create(), firstOrCreate(), firstOrNew(),
updateOrCreate(), update()

EAGER LOADING PREVENTION

All forms of eager loading throw exceptions. Use explicit queries:

    // WRONG - throws exception
    $users = User_Model::with('posts')->get();
    $user->load('posts');

    // CORRECT - explicit queries
    $users = User_Model::all();
    foreach ($users as $user) {
        $posts = Post_Model::where('user_id', $user->id)->get();
    }

Rationale: Prevents recursive loading chains that accidentally cascade across
the entire database. Future optimization will use caching strategies instead.

See: php artisan rsx:man rspade (DATABASE PHILOSOPHY section)

AJAX ORM (Model Fetch System)

Models can opt-in to client-side fetching by implementing fetch() with
#[Ajax_Endpoint_Model_Fetch] attribute:

    #[Ajax_Endpoint_Model_Fetch]
    public static function fetch($id)
    {
        // Check authorization
        if (!RsxAuth::check()) {
            return false;
        }

        // Fetch single record
        $model = static::find($id);
        return $model ?: false;
    }

JavaScript usage:
    const product = await Product_Model.fetch(1);
    console.log(product.status_label);  // Enum properties populated
    console.log(Product_Model.STATUS_ACTIVE);  // Static enum constants

Returns instantiated JS model class with enum properties and optional custom
methods. See: php artisan rsx:man model_fetch

RELATIONSHIPS

Define relationships using #[Relationship] attribute to prevent Laravel from
auto-detecting non-relationship methods:

    #[Relationship]
    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post_Model::class);
    }

Only methods with #[Relationship] are considered relationships. This prevents
methods like is_active() from being mistaken for relationships.

Note: Eager loading is still blocked. Relationships are supported but must be
loaded with explicit queries.

AUTOMATIC BOOLEAN CASTING

TINYINT(1) columns are automatically cast to boolean without manual $casts
definition. Framework consults manifest database metadata to detect boolean
columns at runtime.

Manual $casts entries take precedence over automatic detection.

NEVER EXPORT FIELDS

Exclude sensitive fields from toArray() and Ajax responses:

    protected $neverExport = ['password', 'api_token', 'remember_token'];

Fields in $neverExport are automatically removed before JavaScript export.

UTILITY METHODS

Static Methods:
- get_table_static() - Get table name without instantiating model
- getColumns() - Get array of column names for model's table
- hasColumn($column) - Check if column exists
- get_relationships() - Get array of relationship method names
- clear_table_cache() - Clear query cache for table
- clear_all_caches() - Clear all query caches

Instance Methods:
- make_new() - Create new model instance (recommended over new Model())
- get_mass_assignment_example() - Get helpful example code for this model

MODEL ORGANIZATION WITH TRAITS

Large models can be split into domain-specific trait files. This organization
strategy is primarily designed for models, though traits can be used elsewhere
in RSX applications.

Naming Convention:

Trait files should be prefixed with the model name they elaborate on:
    Users_Model -> Users_Model_Authentication (trait for auth methods)
    Users_Model -> Users_Model_Relationships (trait for relationship methods)
    Users_Model -> Users_Model_Permissions (trait for permission logic)

This makes it immediately clear which model a trait belongs to.

Organization Strategy:

Group methods by problem domain within separate trait files:
    - Authentication/authorization logic
    - Query methods for specific use cases
    - Relationship definitions
    - Business logic for specific features
    - Computed properties and accessors

Example Implementation:

    // rsx/models/traits/users_model_authentication.php
    trait Users_Model_Authentication
    {
        public static function find_by_email(string $email)
        {
            return static::where('email', $email)->first();
        }

        public static function find_by_api_token(string $token)
        {
            return static::where('api_token', $token)->first();
        }

        public function verify_password(string $password): bool
        {
            return password_verify($password, $this->password);
        }
    }

    // rsx/models/traits/users_model_relationships.php
    trait Users_Model_Relationships
    {
        #[Relationship]
        public function posts()
        {
            return $this->hasMany(Posts_Model::class);
        }

        #[Relationship]
        public function profile()
        {
            return $this->hasOne(User_Profiles_Model::class);
        }
    }

    // rsx/models/users_model.php
    class Users_Model extends Rsx_Model_Abstract
    {
        use Users_Model_Authentication;
        use Users_Model_Relationships;

        protected $table = 'users';
        public static $enums;
        protected $neverExport = ['password', 'api_token'];
    }

Manifest Integration:

The manifest system automatically discovers and indexes methods from traits:
- Trait files are loaded before classes during manifest build
- Methods from traits appear in the model's metadata
- IDE helpers correctly locate trait method definitions
- Code quality rules validate trait methods same as class methods

Benefits:

- Keep models focused and maintainable
- Group related functionality by problem domain
- Easier to navigate large models with hundreds of methods
- Clear separation between different aspects of model behavior
- Traits are discovered and validated automatically by manifest

SITE-BASED MULTI-TENANCY

RSpade provides automatic multi-tenant data isolation through model inheritance.

Model Types:

    Rsx_Model_Abstract
        - Base model for global/system-wide data
        - No automatic site scoping
        - Examples: countries, regions, system settings

    Rsx_Site_Model_Abstract
        - Base model for tenant-specific data
        - Automatic site_id scoping on all operations
        - Examples: users, clients, projects, tasks

How It Works:

    Models extending Rsx_Site_Model_Abstract automatically:
    - Filter all queries by current session site_id
    - Set site_id on all new records from session
    - Prevent changing site_id on existing records
    - Prevent cross-site data access (throws fatal error)
    - Require site_id column in database table

    Database Schema:
        CREATE TABLE projects (
            id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
            site_id BIGINT NOT NULL,       -- Added by migration normalization
            name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
            description LONGTEXT,
            INDEX idx_site_id (site_id)    -- Added automatically
        )

    The site_id column is added automatically during migration normalization
    if the model extends Rsx_Site_Model_Abstract.

Usage:

    class Project_Model extends Rsx_Site_Model_Abstract
    {
        protected $table = 'projects';
    }

    // In controller with session site_id = 1
    $projects = Project_Model::all();
    // SELECT * FROM projects WHERE site_id = 1

    $project = new Project_Model();
    $project->name = 'New Project';
    $project->save();
    // INSERT INTO projects (site_id, name) VALUES (1, 'New Project')

Security Enforcement:

    // Attempt to change site_id - FATAL ERROR
    $project = Project_Model::find(1);  // site_id = 1
    $project->site_id = 2;
    $project->save();
    // FATAL: Attempted to change site_id from 1 to 2. Changing site_id is not allowed.

    // Attempt to save wrong site record - FATAL ERROR
    // (If somehow loaded a record from site 2 while session is site 1)
    $project->save();
    // FATAL: Cross-site saves are not allowed.

Admin Operations (Bypass Site Scoping):

    // Access all sites (admin operations only)
    $all_projects = Project_Model::without_site_scope(function () {
        return Project_Model::all();
    });

    // Query specific site
    $site_2_projects = Project_Model::without_site_scope(function () {
        return Project_Model::where('site_id', 2)->get();
    });

Single-Site Applications:

    Even single-site applications use site_id = 1 for all records.
    The architecture is identical - just happens to use only one site.
    Easy upgrade path if multi-tenancy needed later.

How site_id is Determined:

    site_id comes from the session (Session::get_site_id()):
    - User logs in → login_user_id set in session
    - User has site memberships → site_id set in session
    - All queries for site models filtered by this site_id
    - Changing session site_id changes which data is accessible

See: php artisan rsx:man auth (for complete authentication/site selection flow)

NAMING CONVENTIONS

Tables:
- Plural snake_case (users, user_logins, product_categories)
- Always include 'id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY'

Columns:
- snake_case for all column names
- Foreign keys must suffix with '_id' (user_id, site_id)
- Booleans must prefix with 'is_' (is_active, is_published)
- Timestamps must suffix with '_at' (created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
- Use BIGINT for all integers, TINYINT(1) for booleans only
- All text columns use UTF-8 (utf8mb4_unicode_ci collation)

TODO

- Real-time notifications: Broadcast model changes to connected clients
- Revision tracking: Auto-increment revision column via database trigger on update

SEE ALSO

php artisan rsx:man model_fetch - Ajax ORM fetch system
php artisan rsx:man model_normalization - Database normalization process
php artisan rsx:man enums - Complete enum system documentation
php artisan rsx:man migrations - Migration system and safety