librootkotlinx

Fixes #14, #27, #114, #117.

README.md

@@ -31,6 +31,14 @@ I don't know about you but I can't get my stupid Windows 10 to work with
 now that they introduced this
 [Mobile hotspot](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027762/windows-use-your-pc-as-a-mobile-hotspot).
 
+## Features that requires system app installation
+
+The following features in the app requires it to be installed under `/system/priv-app`.
+One way to do this is to use [App systemizer for Magisk](https://github.com/Magisk-Modules-Repo/terminal_systemizer).
+
+* (prior to Android 11) Read/write system Wi-Fi hotspot configuration. ([#117](https://github.com/Mygod/VPNHotspot/issues/117))
+* (since Android 11) Use the Bluetooth tethering shortcut switch in app.
+
 ## Settings and How to Use Them
 
 Default settings are picked to suit general use cases and maximize compatibility but it might not be optimal for battery
@@ -271,4 +279,4 @@ If some of these are unavailable, you can alternatively install a recent version
 Wi-Fi driver `wpa_supplicant`:
 
 * P2P configuration file is assumed to be saved to [`/data/vendor/wifi/wpa/p2p_supplicant.conf` or `/data/misc/wifi/p2p_supplicant.conf`](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/wpa_supplicant_8/+/0b4856b6dc451e290f1f64f6af17e010be78c073/wpa_supplicant/hidl/1.1/supplicant.cpp#26) and have reasonable format;
-* Android system is expected to restart `wpa_supplicant` after it crashes.
+* Android system is expected to restart `wpa_supplicant` after it terminates.

build.gradle.kts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ buildscript {
         classpath(kotlin("gradle-plugin", kotlinVersion))
         classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.1.0-beta01")
         classpath("com.github.ben-manes:gradle-versions-plugin:0.28.0")
-        classpath("com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.1.1")
+        classpath("com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.2.0")
         classpath("com.google.android.gms:oss-licenses-plugin:0.10.2")
         classpath("com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.3")
     }

mobile/build.gradle.kts

@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ dependencies {
     implementation("androidx.room:room-ktx:$roomVersion")
     implementation("androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0-rc01")
     implementation("com.android.billingclient:billing-ktx:3.0.0")
-    implementation("com.github.topjohnwu.libsu:core:2.5.1")
     implementation("com.google.android.gms:play-services-oss-licenses:17.0.0")
     implementation("com.google.android.material:material:1.2.0-beta01")
     implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-ktx:17.4.3")
-    implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics:17.0.1")
+    implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics:17.1.0")
     implementation("com.google.zxing:core:3.4.0")
     implementation("com.jakewharton.timber:timber:4.7.1")
     implementation("com.linkedin.dexmaker:dexmaker:2.28.0")
     implementation("com.takisoft.preferencex:preferencex-simplemenu:1.1.0")
+    implementation("eu.chainfire:librootjava:1.3.0")
     implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-collections-immutable:0.3.2")
     implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.3.7")
     testImplementation("junit:junit:4.13")

mobile/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@
                      tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USB"
                      tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions"/>
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS"
-                     tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG"
                      tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED"
                      tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS"
+                     tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"
                      tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions"/>
     <uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/librootkotlinx/RootServer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+package be.mygod.librootkotlinx
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.Parcelable
+import android.os.RemoteException
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.collection.LongSparseArray
+import androidx.collection.set
+import androidx.collection.valueIterator
+import eu.chainfire.librootjava.AppProcess
+import eu.chainfire.librootjava.RootJava
+import kotlinx.coroutines.*
+import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
+import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.Mutex
+import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.withLock
+import java.io.*
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference
+import java.util.*
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch
+import kotlin.system.exitProcess
+
+class RootServer @JvmOverloads constructor(private val warnLogger: (String) -> Unit = { Log.w(TAG, it) }) {
+    private sealed class Callback {
+        abstract fun cancel()
+        abstract fun shouldRemove(result: Byte): Boolean
+        abstract operator fun invoke(input: DataInputStream, result: Byte)
+
+        class Ordinary(private val classLoader: ClassLoader?,
+                       private val callback: CompletableDeferred<Parcelable?>) : Callback() {
+            override fun cancel() = callback.cancel()
+            override fun shouldRemove(result: Byte) = true
+            override fun invoke(input: DataInputStream, result: Byte) {
+                when (result.toInt()) {
+                    SUCCESS -> callback.complete(input.readParcelable(classLoader))
+                    EX_GENERIC -> callback.completeExceptionally(RemoteException(input.readUTF()))
+                    EX_PARCELABLE -> callback.completeExceptionally(RemoteException().initCause(
+                            input.readParcelable<Parcelable>(classLoader) as Throwable?))
+                    else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected result $result")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        class Channel(private val classLoader: ClassLoader?,
+                      private val channel: SendChannel<Parcelable?>,
+                      private val server: RootServer,
+                      private val index: Long) : Callback() {
+            var active = true
+            val finish: CompletableDeferred<Unit> = CompletableDeferred()
+            override fun cancel() = finish.cancel()
+            override fun shouldRemove(result: Byte) = result.toInt() != SUCCESS
+            override fun invoke(input: DataInputStream, result: Byte) {
+                when (result.toInt()) {
+                    // the channel we are supporting should never block
+                    SUCCESS -> check(try {
+                        channel.offer(input.readParcelable(classLoader))
+                    } catch (closed: Throwable) {
+                        active = false
+                        GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Unconfined) { sendClosed() }
+                        finish.completeExceptionally(closed)
+                        return
+                    })
+                    EX_GENERIC -> finish.completeExceptionally(RemoteException(input.readUTF()))
+                    EX_PARCELABLE -> finish.completeExceptionally(RemoteException().initCause(
+                            input.readParcelable<Parcelable>(classLoader) as Throwable?))
+                    CHANNEL_CONSUMED -> finish.complete(Unit)
+                    else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected result $result")
+                }
+            }
+
+            suspend fun sendClosed() = server.execute(ChannelClosed(index))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private lateinit var process: Process
+    private lateinit var worker: Thread
+    /**
+     * Thread safety: needs to be protected by mutex.
+     */
+    private lateinit var output: DataOutputStream
+
+    @Volatile
+    var active = false
+    private var counter = 0L
+    private val callbackListenerExit = CompletableDeferred<Unit>()
+    private val callbackLookup = LongSparseArray<Callback>()
+    private val mutex = Mutex()
+
+    /**
+     * If we encountered unexpected output from stderr during initialization, its content will be stored here.
+     *
+     * It is advised to read this after initializing the instance.
+     */
+    fun readUnexpectedStderr(): String? {
+        var available = process.errorStream.available()
+        return if (available <= 0) null else String(ByteArrayOutputStream().apply {
+            while (available > 0) {
+                val bytes = ByteArray(available)
+                val len = process.errorStream.read(bytes)
+                if (len < 0) throw EOFException()   // should not happen
+                write(bytes, 0, len)
+                available = process.errorStream.available()
+            }
+        }.toByteArray())
+    }
+
+    private fun BufferedReader.lookForToken(token: String) {
+        while (true) {
+            val line = readLine() ?: throw EOFException()
+            if (line.endsWith(token)) {
+                val extraLength = line.length - token.length
+                if (extraLength > 0) warnLogger(line.substring(0, extraLength))
+                break
+            }
+            warnLogger(line)
+        }
+    }
+    private fun doInit(context: Context, niceName: String) {
+        val writer: DataOutputStream
+        val reader: BufferedReader
+        try {
+            process = ProcessBuilder("su").start()
+            val token1 = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+            writer = DataOutputStream(process.outputStream.buffered())
+            writer.writeBytes("echo $token1\n")
+            writer.flush()
+            reader = process.inputStream.bufferedReader()
+            reader.lookForToken(token1)
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            throw NoShellException(e)
+        }
+        if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Root shell initialized")
+
+        val appProcess = AppProcess.getAppProcess()
+        val token2 = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        writer.writeBytes(RootJava.getLaunchString(context.packageCodePath + " exec",   // hack: plugging in exec
+            RootServer::class.java.name, appProcess, AppProcess.guessIfAppProcessIs64Bits(appProcess),
+            arrayOf("$token2\n"), niceName))
+        writer.flush()
+        reader.lookForToken(token2) // wait for ready signal
+        output = writer
+        require(!active)
+        active = true
+        if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Root server initialized")
+    }
+
+    private fun callbackSpin() {
+        val input = DataInputStream(process.inputStream.buffered())
+        while (active) {
+            val index = try {
+                input.readLong()
+            } catch (_: EOFException) {
+                break
+            }
+            val result = input.readByte()
+            val callback = mutex.synchronized {
+                callbackLookup[index]!!.also { if (it.shouldRemove(result)) callbackLookup.remove(index) }
+            }
+            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Received callback #$index: $result")
+            callback(input, result)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize a RootServer synchronously, can throw a lot of exceptions.
+     *
+     * @param context Any [Context] from the app.
+     * @param niceName Name to call the rooted Java process.
+     */
+    suspend fun init(context: Context, niceName: String = "${context.packageName}:root") {
+        val future = CompletableDeferred<Unit>()
+        worker = Thread {
+            try {
+                doInit(context, niceName)
+                future.complete(Unit)
+            } catch (e: Throwable) {
+                future.completeExceptionally(e)
+                callbackListenerExit.complete(Unit)
+                return@Thread
+            }
+            try {
+                callbackSpin()
+            } catch (e: Throwable) {
+                callbackListenerExit.completeExceptionally(e)
+                return@Thread
+            } finally {
+                if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Waiting for exit")
+                process.waitFor()
+                runBlocking { closeInternal(true) }
+            }
+            check(process.errorStream.available() == 0) // stderr should not be used
+            callbackListenerExit.complete(Unit)
+        }
+        worker.start()
+        future.await()
+    }
+    /**
+     * Convenience function that initializes and also logs warnings to [Log].
+     */
+    suspend fun initAndroidLog(context: Context, niceName: String = "${context.packageName}:root") = try {
+        init(context, niceName)
+    } finally {
+        readUnexpectedStderr()?.let { Log.e(TAG, it) }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Caller should check for active.
+     */
+    private fun sendLocked(command: Parcelable) {
+        output.writeParcelable(command)
+        output.flush()
+        if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Sent #$counter: $command")
+        counter++
+    }
+
+    suspend fun execute(command: RootCommandOneWay) = mutex.withLock { if (active) sendLocked(command) }
+    @Throws(RemoteException::class)
+    suspend inline fun <reified T : Parcelable?> execute(command: RootCommand<T>) =
+        execute(command, T::class.java.classLoader)
+    @Throws(RemoteException::class)
+    suspend fun <T : Parcelable?> execute(command: RootCommand<T>, classLoader: ClassLoader?): T {
+        val future = CompletableDeferred<T>()
+        mutex.withLock {
+            if (active) {
+                @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+                callbackLookup[counter] = Callback.Ordinary(classLoader, future as CompletableDeferred<Parcelable?>)
+                sendLocked(command)
+            } else future.cancel()
+        }
+        return future.await()
+    }
+
+    @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
+    @Throws(RemoteException::class)
+    inline fun <reified T : Parcelable?> create(command: RootCommandChannel<T>, scope: CoroutineScope) =
+            create(command, scope, T::class.java.classLoader)
+    @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
+    @Throws(RemoteException::class)
+    fun <T : Parcelable?> create(command: RootCommandChannel<T>, scope: CoroutineScope,
+                                 classLoader: ClassLoader?) = scope.produce<T>(
+            capacity = command.capacity.also {
+                when (it) {
+                    Channel.UNLIMITED, Channel.CONFLATED -> { }
+                    else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported channel capacity $it")
+                }
+            }) {
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        val callback = Callback.Channel(classLoader, this as SendChannel<Parcelable?>, this@RootServer, counter)
+        mutex.withLock {
+            if (active) {
+                callbackLookup[counter] = callback
+                sendLocked(command)
+            } else callback.finish.cancel()
+        }
+        try {
+            callback.finish.await()
+        } finally {
+            if (callback.active) withContext(NonCancellable) { callback.sendClosed() }
+            callback.active = false
+        }
+    }
+
+    private suspend fun closeInternal(fromWorker: Boolean = false) = mutex.withLock {
+        if (active) {
+            active = false
+            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Shutting down from client")
+            sendLocked(Shutdown())
+            output.close()
+            process.outputStream.close()
+            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Client closed")
+        }
+        if (fromWorker) {
+            for (callback in callbackLookup.valueIterator()) callback.cancel()
+            callbackLookup.clear()
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Shutdown the instance gracefully.
+     */
+    suspend fun close() {
+        closeInternal()
+        callbackListenerExit.await()
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        /**
+         * If set to true, debug information will be printed to logcat.
+         */
+        @JvmStatic
+        var DEBUG = false
+
+        private const val TAG = "RootServer"
+        private const val SUCCESS = 0
+        private const val EX_GENERIC = 1
+        private const val EX_PARCELABLE = 2
+        private const val CHANNEL_CONSUMED = 3
+
+        private inline fun <reified T : Parcelable> DataInputStream.readParcelable(
+            classLoader: ClassLoader? = T::class.java.classLoader
+        ) = ByteArray(readInt()).also { readFully(it) }.toParcelable<T>(classLoader)
+        private fun DataOutputStream.writeParcelable(data: Parcelable?, parcelableFlags: Int = 0) {
+            val bytes = data.toByteArray(parcelableFlags)
+            writeInt(bytes.size)
+            write(bytes)
+        }
+
+        private inline fun <T> Mutex.synchronized(crossinline block: () -> T): T = runBlocking {
+            withLock { block() }
+        }
+
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun main(args: Array<String>) {
+            Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler { thread, throwable ->
+                Log.e(TAG, "Uncaught exception from $thread", throwable)
+                exitProcess(1)
+            }
+            rootMain(args)
+            exitProcess(0)  // there might be other non-daemon threads
+        }
+
+        private fun DataOutputStream.pushThrowable(callback: Long, e: Throwable) {
+            writeLong(callback)
+            if (e is Parcelable) {
+                writeByte(EX_PARCELABLE)
+                writeParcelable(e)
+            } else {
+                writeByte(EX_GENERIC)
+                writeUTF(StringWriter().also {
+                    e.printStackTrace(PrintWriter(it))
+                }.toString())
+            }
+            flush()
+        }
+        private fun DataOutputStream.pushResult(callback: Long, result: Parcelable?) {
+            writeLong(callback)
+            writeByte(SUCCESS)
+            writeParcelable(result)
+            flush()
+        }
+
+        private fun rootMain(args: Array<String>) {
+            require(args.isNotEmpty())
+            RootJava.restoreOriginalLdLibraryPath()
+            val mainInitialized = CountDownLatch(1)
+            val main = Thread({
+                @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+                Looper.prepareMainLooper()
+                mainInitialized.countDown()
+                Looper.loop()
+            }, "main")
+            main.start()
+            val job = Job()
+            val defaultWorker by lazy {
+                mainInitialized.await()
+                CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main.immediate + job)
+            }
+            val callbackWorker = newSingleThreadContext("callbackWorker")
+            val channels = LongSparseArray<WeakReference<ReceiveChannel<Parcelable?>>>()
+
+            // thread safety: usage of output should be guarded by callbackWorker
+            val output = DataOutputStream(System.out.buffered().apply {
+                val writer = writer()
+                writer.appendln(args[0])    // echo ready signal
+                writer.flush()
+            })
+            // thread safety: usage of input should be in main thread
+            val input = DataInputStream(System.`in`.buffered())
+            var counter = 0L
+            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Server entering main loop")
+            loop@ while (true) {
+                val command = try {
+                    input.readParcelable<Parcelable>(RootServer::class.java.classLoader)
+                } catch (e: EOFException) {
+                    break
+                }
+                val callback = counter
+                if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Received #$callback: $command")
+                when (command) {
+                    is ChannelClosed -> channels[command.index]?.get()?.cancel()
+                    is RootCommandOneWay -> defaultWorker.launch {
+                        try {
+                            command.execute()
+                        } catch (e: Throwable) {
+                            Log.e(command.javaClass.simpleName, "Unexpected exception in RootCommandOneWay", e)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    is RootCommand<*> -> defaultWorker.launch {
+                        val result = try {
+                            val result = command.execute();
+                            { output.pushResult(callback, result) }
+                        } catch (e: Throwable) {
+                            { output.pushThrowable(callback, e) }
+                        }
+                        withContext(callbackWorker) { result() }
+                    }
+                    is RootCommandChannel<*> -> defaultWorker.launch {
+                        val result = try {
+                            command.create(defaultWorker).also {
+                                channels[callback] = WeakReference(it)
+                            }.consumeEach { result ->
+                                withContext(callbackWorker) { output.pushResult(callback, result) }
+                            };
+                            @Suppress("BlockingMethodInNonBlockingContext") {
+                                output.writeByte(CHANNEL_CONSUMED)
+                                output.writeLong(callback)
+                                output.flush()
+                            }
+                        } catch (e: Throwable) {
+                            { output.pushThrowable(callback, e) }
+                        } finally {
+                            channels.remove(callback)
+                        }
+                        withContext(callbackWorker) { result() }
+                    }
+                    is Shutdown -> break@loop
+                    else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unrecognized input: $command")
+                }
+                counter++
+            }
+            job.cancel()
+            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Clean up initiated before exit. Jobs: ${job.children.joinToString()}")
+            if (runBlocking { withTimeoutOrNull(5000) { job.join() } } == null) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Clean up timeout: ${job.children.joinToString()}")
+            } else if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Clean up finished, exiting")
+        }
+    }
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/librootkotlinx/RootSession.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package be.mygod.librootkotlinx
+
+import kotlinx.coroutines.*
+import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.Mutex
+import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.withLock
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+
+/**
+ * This object manages creation of [RootServer] and times them out automagically, with default timeout of 5 minutes.
+ */
+abstract class RootSession {
+    protected open fun createServer() = RootServer()
+    protected abstract suspend fun initServer(server: RootServer)
+    /**
+     * Timeout to close [RootServer] in milliseconds.
+     */
+    protected open val timeout get() = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(5)
+    protected open val timeoutDispatcher get() = Dispatchers.Default
+
+    private val mutex = Mutex()
+    private var server: RootServer? = null
+    private var timeoutJob: Job? = null
+    private var usersCount = 0L
+    private var closePending = false
+
+    private suspend fun ensureServerLocked(): RootServer {
+        server?.let { return it }
+        check(usersCount == 0L)
+        val server = createServer()
+        try {
+            initServer(server)
+            this.server = server
+            return server
+        } catch (e: Throwable) {
+            try {
+                server.close()
+            } catch (eClose: Throwable) {
+                throw eClose.apply { addSuppressed(e) }
+            }
+            throw e
+        }
+    }
+
+    private suspend fun closeLocked() {
+        server?.close()
+        server = null
+    }
+    private fun startTimeoutLocked() {
+        check(timeoutJob == null)
+        timeoutJob = GlobalScope.launch(timeoutDispatcher, CoroutineStart.UNDISPATCHED) {
+            delay(timeout)
+            mutex.withLock {
+                check(usersCount == 0L)
+                closeLocked()
+                timeoutJob = null
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    private fun haltTimeoutLocked() {
+        timeoutJob?.cancel()
+        timeoutJob = null
+    }
+
+    suspend fun acquire() = withContext(NonCancellable) {
+        mutex.withLock {
+            haltTimeoutLocked()
+            closePending = false
+            ensureServerLocked().also { ++usersCount }
+        }
+    }
+    suspend fun release(server: RootServer) = withContext(NonCancellable) {
+        mutex.withLock {
+            if (this@RootSession.server != server) return@withLock  // outdated reference
+            require(usersCount > 0)
+            when {
+                !server.active -> {
+                    usersCount = 0
+                    closeLocked()
+                    closePending = false
+                    return@withLock
+                }
+                --usersCount > 0L -> return@withLock
+                closePending -> {
+                    closeLocked()
+                    closePending = false
+                }
+                else -> startTimeoutLocked()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    suspend inline fun <T> use(block: (RootServer) -> T): T {
+        val server = acquire()
+        try {
+            return block(server)
+        } finally {
+            release(server)
+        }
+    }
+
+    suspend fun closeExisting() = mutex.withLock {
+        if (usersCount > 0) closePending = true else {
+            haltTimeoutLocked()
+            closeLocked()
+        }
+    }
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/librootkotlinx/ServerCommands.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package be.mygod.librootkotlinx
+
+import android.os.Parcelable
+import androidx.annotation.MainThread
+import kotlinx.android.parcel.Parcelize
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel
+import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.ReceiveChannel
+
+interface RootCommand<Result : Parcelable?> : Parcelable {
+    /**
+     * If a throwable was thrown, it will be wrapped in RemoteException only if it implements [Parcelable].
+     */
+    @MainThread
+    suspend fun execute(): Result
+}
+
+typealias RootCommandNoResult = RootCommand<Parcelable?>
+
+/**
+ * Execute a command and discards its result, even if an exception occurs.
+ *
+ * If you want to catch exception, use e.g. [RootCommandNoResult] and return null.
+ */
+interface RootCommandOneWay : Parcelable {
+    @MainThread
+    suspend fun execute()
+}
+
+interface RootCommandChannel<T : Parcelable?> : Parcelable {
+    /**
+     * The capacity of the channel that is returned by [create] to be used by client.
+     * Only [Channel.UNLIMITED] and [Channel.CONFLATED] is supported for now to avoid blocking the entire connection.
+     */
+    val capacity: Int get() = Channel.UNLIMITED
+
+    @MainThread
+    fun create(scope: CoroutineScope): ReceiveChannel<T>
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+internal class ChannelClosed(val index: Long) : RootCommandOneWay {
+    override suspend fun execute() = throw IllegalStateException("Internal implementation")
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+internal class Shutdown : Parcelable

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/librootkotlinx/Utils.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+package be.mygod.librootkotlinx
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import android.os.IBinder
+import android.os.Parcel
+import android.os.Parcelable
+import android.util.*
+import kotlinx.android.parcel.Parcelize
+
+class NoShellException(cause: Throwable) : Exception("Root missing", cause)
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableByte(val value: Byte) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableShort(val value: Short) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableInt(val value: Int) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableLong(val value: Long) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableFloat(val value: Float) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableDouble(val value: Double) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableBoolean(val value: Boolean) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableString(val value: String) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableByteArray(val value: ByteArray) : Parcelable {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
+
+        other as ParcelableByteArray
+
+        if (!value.contentEquals(other.value)) return false
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        return value.contentHashCode()
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableIntArray(val value: IntArray) : Parcelable {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
+
+        other as ParcelableIntArray
+
+        if (!value.contentEquals(other.value)) return false
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        return value.contentHashCode()
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableLongArray(val value: LongArray) : Parcelable {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
+
+        other as ParcelableLongArray
+
+        if (!value.contentEquals(other.value)) return false
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        return value.contentHashCode()
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableFloatArray(val value: FloatArray) : Parcelable {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
+
+        other as ParcelableFloatArray
+
+        if (!value.contentEquals(other.value)) return false
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        return value.contentHashCode()
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableDoubleArray(val value: DoubleArray) : Parcelable {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
+
+        other as ParcelableDoubleArray
+
+        if (!value.contentEquals(other.value)) return false
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        return value.contentHashCode()
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableBooleanArray(val value: BooleanArray) : Parcelable {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
+
+        other as ParcelableBooleanArray
+
+        if (!value.contentEquals(other.value)) return false
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        return value.contentHashCode()
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableStringArray(val value: Array<String>) : Parcelable {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
+
+        other as ParcelableStringArray
+
+        if (!value.contentEquals(other.value)) return false
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int {
+        return value.contentHashCode()
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableStringList(val value: List<String>) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableSparseIntArray(val value: SparseIntArray) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableSparseLongArray(val value: SparseLongArray) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableSparseBooleanArray(val value: SparseBooleanArray) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableCharSequence(val value: CharSequence) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableSize(val value: Size) : Parcelable
+
+@Parcelize
+data class ParcelableSizeF(val value: SizeF) : Parcelable
+
+@SuppressLint("Recycle")
+inline fun <T> useParcel(block: (Parcel) -> T) = Parcel.obtain().run {
+    try {
+        block(this)
+    } finally {
+        recycle()
+    }
+}
+
+fun Parcelable?.toByteArray(parcelableFlags: Int = 0) = useParcel { p ->
+    p.writeParcelable(this, parcelableFlags)
+    p.marshall()
+}
+inline fun <reified T : Parcelable> ByteArray.toParcelable(classLoader: ClassLoader? = T::class.java.classLoader) =
+    useParcel { p ->
+        p.unmarshall(this, 0, size)
+        p.setDataPosition(0)
+        p.readParcelable<T>(classLoader)
+    }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/App.kt

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package be.mygod.vpnhotspot
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.app.Application
-import android.app.UiModeManager
 import android.content.ClipboardManager
+import android.content.Context
 import android.content.res.Configuration
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager
-import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
 import android.os.Build
 import android.util.Log
 import androidx.annotation.Size
@@ -18,10 +16,12 @@ import androidx.core.provider.FontRequest
 import androidx.emoji.text.EmojiCompat
 import androidx.emoji.text.FontRequestEmojiCompatConfig
 import androidx.preference.PreferenceManager
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.NoShellException
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.DhcpWorkaround
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.room.AppDatabase
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.DeviceStorageApp
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import com.google.firebase.analytics.ktx.ParametersBuilder
 import com.google.firebase.analytics.ktx.analytics
 import com.google.firebase.crashlytics.FirebaseCrashlytics
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ class App : Application() {
         lateinit var app: App
     }
 
+    public override fun attachBaseContext(base: Context?) {
+        super.attachBaseContext(base)
+    }
+
     override fun onCreate() {
         super.onCreate()
         app = this
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ class App : Application() {
             deviceStorage.moveSharedPreferencesFrom(this, PreferenceManager(this).sharedPreferencesName)
             deviceStorage.moveDatabaseFrom(this, AppDatabase.DB_NAME)
         } else deviceStorage = this
+        Services.init(this)
         Firebase.initialize(deviceStorage)
         when (val codename = Build.VERSION.CODENAME) {
             "REL" -> { }
@@ -62,7 +67,9 @@ class App : Application() {
                     FirebaseCrashlytics.getInstance().log("${"XXVDIWEF".getOrElse(priority) { 'X' }}/$tag: $message")
                 } else {
                     if (priority >= Log.WARN || priority == Log.DEBUG) Log.println(priority, tag, message)
-                    if (priority >= Log.INFO) FirebaseCrashlytics.getInstance().recordException(t)
+                    if (priority >= Log.INFO && t !is NoShellException) {
+                        FirebaseCrashlytics.getInstance().recordException(t)
+                    }
                 }
             }
         })
@@ -89,7 +96,7 @@ class App : Application() {
 
     override fun onTrimMemory(level: Int) {
         super.onTrimMemory(level)
-        if (level >= TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_CRITICAL) GlobalScope.launch { RootSession.trimMemory() }
+        if (level >= TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_CRITICAL) GlobalScope.launch { RootManager.closeExisting() }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -110,10 +117,7 @@ class App : Application() {
         })
     }
     val pref by lazy { PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(deviceStorage) }
-    val connectivity by lazy { getSystemService<ConnectivityManager>()!! }
     val clipboard by lazy { getSystemService<ClipboardManager>()!! }
-    val uiMode by lazy { getSystemService<UiModeManager>()!! }
-    val wifi by lazy { getSystemService<WifiManager>()!! }
 
     val hasTouch by lazy { packageManager.hasSystemFeature("android.hardware.faketouch") }
     val customTabsIntent by lazy {

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/BootReceiver.kt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 
 class BootReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
     companion object {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ class BootReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
             Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED, Intent.ACTION_LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED -> started = true
             else -> return
         }
-        if (RepeaterService.supported) {
+        if (Services.p2p != null) {
             ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, Intent(context, RepeaterService::class.java))
         }
     }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/IpNeighbourMonitoringService.kt

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package be.mygod.vpnhotspot
 import android.app.Service
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.IpNeighbour
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.IpNeighbourMonitor
+import java.net.Inet4Address
 
 abstract class IpNeighbourMonitoringService : Service(), IpNeighbourMonitor.Callback {
     private var neighbours: Collection<IpNeighbour> = emptyList()
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ abstract class IpNeighbourMonitoringService : Service(), IpNeighbourMonitor.Call
     protected fun updateNotification() {
         val sizeLookup = neighbours.groupBy { it.dev }.mapValues { (_, neighbours) ->
             neighbours
-                    .filter { it.state != IpNeighbour.State.FAILED }
+                    .filter { it.ip is Inet4Address && it.state != IpNeighbour.State.FAILED }
                     .distinctBy { it.lladdr }
                     .size
         }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/LocalOnlyHotspotService.kt

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import android.content.IntentFilter
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
 import android.os.Build
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.IpNeighbour
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetheringManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetheringManager.localOnlyTetheredIfaces
@@ -13,11 +12,13 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.IpNeighbourMonitor
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.TetherTimeoutMonitor
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.SoftApConfigurationCompat.Companion.toCompat
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiApManager
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.StickyEvent1
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.broadcastReceiver
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import kotlinx.coroutines.*
 import timber.log.Timber
+import java.net.Inet4Address
 
 @RequiresApi(26)
 class LocalOnlyHotspotService : IpNeighbourMonitoringService(), CoroutineScope {
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ class LocalOnlyHotspotService : IpNeighbourMonitoringService(), CoroutineScope {
         binder.iface = ""
         updateNotification()    // show invisible foreground notification to avoid being killed
         try {
-            app.wifi.startLocalOnlyHotspot(object : WifiManager.LocalOnlyHotspotCallback() {
+            Services.wifi.startLocalOnlyHotspot(object : WifiManager.LocalOnlyHotspotCallback() {
                 override fun onStarted(reservation: WifiManager.LocalOnlyHotspotReservation?) {
                     if (reservation == null) onFailed(-2) else {
                         this@LocalOnlyHotspotService.reservation = reservation
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ class LocalOnlyHotspotService : IpNeighbourMonitoringService(), CoroutineScope {
     override fun onIpNeighbourAvailable(neighbours: Collection<IpNeighbour>) {
         super.onIpNeighbourAvailable(neighbours)
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 28) timeoutMonitor?.onClientsChanged(neighbours.none {
-            it.state != IpNeighbour.State.FAILED
+            it.ip is Inet4Address && it.state != IpNeighbour.State.FAILED
         })
     }
 

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/MainActivity.kt

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.manage.TetheringFragment
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.IpNeighbour
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiDoubleLock
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.ServiceForegroundConnector
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView
 import java.net.Inet4Address
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(), BottomNavigationView.OnNavigationItemS
         binding.navigation.setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener(this)
         if (savedInstanceState == null) displayFragment(TetheringFragment())
         val model by viewModels<ClientViewModel>()
-        if (RepeaterService.supported) ServiceForegroundConnector(this, model, RepeaterService::class)
+        if (Services.p2p != null) ServiceForegroundConnector(this, model, RepeaterService::class)
         model.clients.observe(this) { clients ->
             val count = clients.count {
                 it.ip.any { (ip, state) -> ip is Inet4Address && state != IpNeighbour.State.FAILED }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/RepeaterService.kt

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import android.provider.Settings
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.annotation.StringRes
 import androidx.core.content.edit
-import androidx.core.content.getSystemService
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.MacAddressCompat
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.TetherTimeoutMonitor
@@ -25,6 +24,8 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiP2pManagerHelper.deletePersistentGroup
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiP2pManagerHelper.requestPersistentGroupInfo
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiP2pManagerHelper.setWifiP2pChannels
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiP2pManagerHelper.startWps
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RepeaterCommands
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.*
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import kotlinx.coroutines.*
@@ -51,18 +52,6 @@ class RepeaterService : Service(), CoroutineScope, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListene
          */
         private const val PLACEHOLDER_NETWORK_NAME = "DIRECT-00-VPNHotspot"
 
-        /**
-         * This is only a "ServiceConnection" to system service and its impact on system is minimal.
-         */
-        private val p2pManager: WifiP2pManager? by lazy {
-            try {
-                app.getSystemService<WifiP2pManager>()
-            } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
-                Timber.w(e)
-                null
-            }
-        }
-        val supported get() = p2pManager != null
         var persistentSupported = false
 
         @delegate:TargetApi(29)
@@ -145,7 +134,7 @@ class RepeaterService : Service(), CoroutineScope, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListene
         }
     }
 
-    private val p2pManager get() = RepeaterService.p2pManager!!
+    private val p2pManager get() = Services.p2p!!
     private var channel: WifiP2pManager.Channel? = null
     private val binder = Binder()
     @RequiresApi(28)
@@ -207,14 +196,23 @@ class RepeaterService : Service(), CoroutineScope, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListene
 
     override fun onBind(intent: Intent) = binder
 
-    private fun setOperatingChannel(oc: Int = operatingChannel) = try {
+    private fun setOperatingChannel(forceReinit: Boolean = false, oc: Int = operatingChannel) = try {
         val channel = channel
         if (channel == null) SmartSnackbar.make(R.string.repeater_failure_disconnected).show()
         // we don't care about listening channel
         else p2pManager.setWifiP2pChannels(channel, 0, oc, object : WifiP2pManager.ActionListener {
             override fun onSuccess() { }
             override fun onFailure(reason: Int) {
-                SmartSnackbar.make(formatReason(R.string.repeater_set_oc_failure, reason)).show()
+                if (reason == WifiP2pManager.ERROR && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) launch(start = CoroutineStart.UNDISPATCHED) {
+                    val rootReason = try {
+                        RootManager.use { it.execute(RepeaterCommands.SetChannel(oc, forceReinit)) }
+                    } catch (e: Exception) {
+                        Timber.w(e)
+                        SmartSnackbar.make(e).show()
+                        null
+                    } ?: return@launch
+                    SmartSnackbar.make(formatReason(R.string.repeater_set_oc_failure, rootReason.value)).show()
+                } else SmartSnackbar.make(formatReason(R.string.repeater_set_oc_failure, reason)).show()
             }
         })
     } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
@@ -229,7 +227,7 @@ class RepeaterService : Service(), CoroutineScope, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListene
         channel = null
         if (status != Status.DESTROYED) try {
             channel = p2pManager.initialize(this, Looper.getMainLooper(), this)
-            if (!safeMode) setOperatingChannel()
+            if (!safeMode) setOperatingChannel(true)
         } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
             Timber.w(e)
             launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
@@ -240,18 +238,19 @@ class RepeaterService : Service(), CoroutineScope, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListene
     }
 
     override fun onSharedPreferenceChanged(sharedPreferences: SharedPreferences?, key: String?) {
-        if (!safeMode && key == KEY_OPERATING_CHANNEL) setOperatingChannel()
+        if (!safeMode) when (key) {
+            KEY_OPERATING_CHANNEL -> setOperatingChannel()
+            KEY_SAFE_MODE -> setOperatingChannel(true)
+        }
     }
 
     @SuppressLint("NewApi") // networkId is available since Android 4.2
     private fun onPersistentGroupsChanged() = launch {
-        val ownerAddress = lastMac?.let(MacAddressCompat.Companion::fromString) ?: withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {
+        val ownerAddress = lastMac?.let(MacAddressCompat.Companion::fromString) ?: try {
-            try {
+            P2pSupplicantConfiguration().apply { init() }.bssid
-                P2pSupplicantConfiguration().bssid
+        } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
-            } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
+            Timber.d(e)
-                Timber.d(e)
+            null
-                null
-            }
         } ?: return@launch
         val channel = channel ?: return@launch
         try {
@@ -287,12 +286,8 @@ class RepeaterService : Service(), CoroutineScope, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListene
         if (status != Status.IDLE) return START_NOT_STICKY
         val channel = channel ?: return START_NOT_STICKY.also { stopSelf() }
         status = Status.STARTING
-        // bump self to foreground location service to use foreground location permission later
+        // bump self to foreground location service (API 29+) to use location later, also to avoid getting killed
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29 ||
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) showNotification()
-                // or show invisible foreground notification on television to avoid being killed
-                Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26 && app.uiMode.currentModeType == Configuration.UI_MODE_TYPE_TELEVISION) {
-            showNotification()
-        }
         launch {
             registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION,
                     WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION))
@@ -420,7 +415,7 @@ class RepeaterService : Service(), CoroutineScope, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListene
         SmartSnackbar.make(msg).apply {
             if (showWifiEnable) action(R.string.repeater_p2p_unavailable_enable) {
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 29) @Suppress("DEPRECATION") {
-                    app.wifi.isWifiEnabled = true
+                    Services.wifi.isWifiEnabled = true
                 } else it.context.startActivity(Intent(Settings.Panel.ACTION_WIFI))
             }
         }.show()

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/RoutingManager.kt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.Routing
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetherType
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiDoubleLock
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
+import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 import timber.log.Timber
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ abstract class RoutingManager(private val caller: Any, val downstream: String, p
             if (!reinit && active.isEmpty()) return@synchronized
             for (manager in active.values) manager.routing?.stop()
             try {
-                Routing.clean()
+                runBlocking { Routing.clean() }
             } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
                 Timber.d(e)
                 SmartSnackbar.make(e).show()

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/SettingsPreferenceFragment.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot
 
-import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
@@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ import androidx.preference.Preference
 import androidx.preference.PreferenceFragmentCompat
 import androidx.preference.SwitchPreference
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.Routing.Companion.IPTABLES
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetherOffloadManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.FallbackUpstreamMonitor
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.IpMonitor
@@ -18,7 +16,9 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiDoubleLock
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.preference.AlwaysAutoCompleteEditTextPreferenceDialogFragment
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.preference.SharedPreferenceDataStore
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.preference.SummaryFallbackProvider
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.Dump
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.launchUrl
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.showAllowingStateLoss
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
-import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
 import timber.log.Timber
 import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.io.PrintWriter
 import kotlin.system.exitProcess
@@ -48,34 +48,30 @@ class SettingsPreferenceFragment : PreferenceFragmentCompat() {
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 27) {
                 isChecked = TetherOffloadManager.enabled
                 setOnPreferenceChangeListener { _, newValue ->
-                    if (TetherOffloadManager.enabled != newValue) {
+                    if (TetherOffloadManager.enabled != newValue) GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main.immediate) {
                         isEnabled = false
-                        GlobalScope.launch {
+                        try {
-                            try {
+                            TetherOffloadManager.setEnabled(newValue as Boolean)
-                                TetherOffloadManager.enabled = newValue as Boolean
+                        } catch (e: Exception) {
-                            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                            Timber.w(e)
-                                Timber.d(e)
+                            SmartSnackbar.make(e).show()
-                                SmartSnackbar.make(e).show()
-                            }
-                            withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
-                                isChecked = TetherOffloadManager.enabled
-                                isEnabled = true
-                            }
                         }
+                        isChecked = TetherOffloadManager.enabled
+                        isEnabled = true
                     }
                     false
                 }
             } else parent!!.removePreference(this)
         }
         val boot = findPreference<SwitchPreference>("service.repeater.startOnBoot")!!
-        if (RepeaterService.supported) {
+        if (Services.p2p != null) {
             boot.setOnPreferenceChangeListener { _, value ->
                 BootReceiver.enabled = value as Boolean
                 true
             }
             boot.isChecked = BootReceiver.enabled
         } else boot.parent!!.removePreference(boot)
-        if (!RepeaterService.supported || !RepeaterService.safeModeConfigurable) {
+        if (Services.p2p == null || !RepeaterService.safeModeConfigurable) {
             val safeMode = findPreference<Preference>(RepeaterService.KEY_SAFE_MODE)!!
             safeMode.parent!!.removePreference(safeMode)
         }
@@ -88,7 +84,6 @@ class SettingsPreferenceFragment : PreferenceFragmentCompat() {
                 setAction(R.string.settings_exit_app) {
                     GlobalScope.launch {
                         RoutingManager.clean(false)
-                        RootSession.trimMemory()
                         exitProcess(0)
                     }
                 }
@@ -109,57 +104,19 @@ class SettingsPreferenceFragment : PreferenceFragmentCompat() {
                             Runtime.getRuntime().exec(arrayOf("logcat", "-d")).inputStream.use { it.copyTo(out) }
                         } catch (e: IOException) {
                             Timber.w(e)
+                            e.printStackTrace(writer)
                         }
                         writer.println()
-                        val commands = StringBuilder()
-                        // https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/iptables/+/android-7.0.0_r1/iptables/Android.mk#34
-                        val iptablesSave = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) "iptables-save" else
-                            File(app.deviceStorage.cacheDir, "iptables-save").absolutePath.also {
-                                commands.appendln("ln -sf /system/bin/iptables $it")
-                            }
-                        val ip6tablesSave = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) "ip6tables-save" else
-                            File(app.deviceStorage.cacheDir, "ip6tables-save").absolutePath.also {
-                                commands.appendln("ln -sf /system/bin/ip6tables $it")
-                            }
-                        commands.append("""
-                            |echo dumpsys ${Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE}
-                            |dumpsys ${Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE}
-                            |echo
-                            |echo dumpsys ${Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE} tethering
-                            |dumpsys ${Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE} tethering
-                            |echo
-                            |echo iptables -t filter
-                            |$iptablesSave -t filter
-                            |echo
-                            |echo iptables -t nat
-                            |$iptablesSave -t nat
-                            |echo
-                            |echo ip6tables-save
-                            |$ip6tablesSave
-                            |echo
-                            |echo ip rule
-                            |ip rule
-                            |echo
-                            |echo ip neigh
-                            |ip neigh
-                            |echo
-                            |echo iptables -nvx -L vpnhotspot_fwd
-                            |$IPTABLES -nvx -L vpnhotspot_fwd
-                            |echo
-                            |echo iptables -nvx -L vpnhotspot_acl
-                            |$IPTABLES -nvx -L vpnhotspot_acl
-                            |echo
-                            |echo logcat-su
-                            |logcat -d
-                        """.trimMargin())
-                        try {
-                            RootSession.use { it.execQuiet(commands.toString(), true).out.forEach(writer::println) }
-                        } catch (e: Exception) {
-                            e.printStackTrace(writer)
-                            Timber.i(e)
-                        }
                     }
                 }
+                try {
+                    RootManager.use {
+                        it.execute(Dump(logFile.absolutePath))
+                    }
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Timber.w(e)
+                    PrintWriter(FileOutputStream(logFile, true)).use { e.printStackTrace(it) }
+                }
                 context.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND)
                         .setType("text/x-log")
                         .setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)
@@ -187,8 +144,8 @@ class SettingsPreferenceFragment : PreferenceFragmentCompat() {
         when (preference.key) {
             UpstreamMonitor.KEY, FallbackUpstreamMonitor.KEY ->
                 AlwaysAutoCompleteEditTextPreferenceDialogFragment().apply {
-                    setArguments(preference.key, app.connectivity.allNetworks.mapNotNull {
+                    setArguments(preference.key, Services.connectivity.allNetworks.mapNotNull {
-                        app.connectivity.getLinkProperties(it)?.interfaceName
+                        Services.connectivity.getLinkProperties(it)?.interfaceName
                     }.toTypedArray())
                     setTargetFragment(this@SettingsPreferenceFragment, 0)
                 }.showAllowingStateLoss(parentFragmentManager, preference.key)

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/TetheringService.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot
 
 import android.content.Intent
+import android.os.Build
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.Routing
@@ -93,6 +94,8 @@ class TetheringService : IpNeighbourMonitoringService(), TetheringManager.Tether
     override fun onBind(intent: Intent?) = binder
 
     override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
+        // call this first just in case we are shutting down immediately
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) updateNotification()
         launch {
             if (intent != null) {
                 for (iface in intent.getStringArrayExtra(EXTRA_ADD_INTERFACES) ?: emptyArray()) {
@@ -109,7 +112,6 @@ class TetheringService : IpNeighbourMonitoringService(), TetheringManager.Tether
                     } else downstream.monitor = true
                 }
                 intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_REMOVE_INTERFACE)?.also { downstreams.remove(it)?.stop() }
-                updateNotification()    // call this first just in case we are shutting down immediately
                 onDownstreamsChangedLocked()
             } else if (downstreams.isEmpty()) stopSelf(startId)
         }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/client/ClientsFragment.kt

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import android.os.Parcelable
 import android.text.format.DateUtils
 import android.text.format.Formatter
 import android.text.method.LinkMovementMethod
-import android.util.LongSparseArray
 import android.view.LayoutInflater
 import android.view.MenuItem
 import android.view.View
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ import android.view.ViewGroup
 import android.widget.EditText
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog
 import androidx.appcompat.widget.PopupMenu
+import androidx.collection.LongSparseArray
 import androidx.databinding.BaseObservable
 import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
 import androidx.fragment.app.activityViewModels
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ClientsFragment : Fragment() {
                             AppDatabase.instance.clientRecordDao.update(this@apply)
                         }
                     }
-                    IpNeighbourMonitor.instance?.flush()
+                    IpNeighbourMonitor.instance?.flushAsync()
                     if (!wasWorking && item.itemId == R.id.block) {
                         SmartSnackbar.make(R.string.clients_popup_block_service_inactive).show()
                     }
@@ -223,9 +223,7 @@ class ClientsFragment : Fragment() {
         binding.clients.itemAnimator = DefaultItemAnimator()
         binding.clients.adapter = adapter
         binding.swipeRefresher.setColorSchemeResources(R.color.colorSecondary)
-        binding.swipeRefresher.setOnRefreshListener {
+        binding.swipeRefresher.setOnRefreshListener { IpNeighbourMonitor.instance?.flushAsync() }
-            IpNeighbourMonitor.instance?.flush()
-        }
         activityViewModels<ClientViewModel>().value.clients.observe(viewLifecycleOwner) {
             adapter.submitList(it.toMutableList())
         }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/manage/BluetoothTethering.kt

@@ -8,15 +8,11 @@ import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.IntentFilter
 import android.os.Build
-import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetheringManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.broadcastReceiver
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.readableMessage
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import timber.log.Timber
-import java.io.IOException
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
 
 class BluetoothTethering(context: Context, val stateListener: () -> Unit) :
@@ -26,9 +22,16 @@ class BluetoothTethering(context: Context, val stateListener: () -> Unit) :
          * PAN Profile
          */
         private const val PAN = 5
-        private val isTetheringOn by lazy {
+        private val clazz by lazy { Class.forName("android.bluetooth.BluetoothPan") }
-            Class.forName("android.bluetooth.BluetoothPan").getDeclaredMethod("isTetheringOn")
+        private val constructor by lazy {
+            clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(Context::class.java, BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener::class.java)
         }
+        private val isTetheringOn by lazy { clazz.getDeclaredMethod("isTetheringOn") }
+
+        fun pan(context: Context, serviceListener: BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener) =
+                constructor.newInstance(context, serviceListener) as BluetoothProfile
+        val BluetoothProfile.isTetheringOn get() = isTetheringOn(this) as Boolean
+        fun BluetoothProfile.closePan() = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()!!.closeProfileProxy(PAN, this)
 
         private fun registerBluetoothStateListener(receiver: BroadcastReceiver) =
                 app.registerReceiver(receiver, IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED))
@@ -41,23 +44,8 @@ class BluetoothTethering(context: Context, val stateListener: () -> Unit) :
         @TargetApi(24)
         override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
             when (intent?.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE, BluetoothAdapter.ERROR)) {
-                BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON -> try {
+                BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON -> {
                     TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, true, pendingCallback!!)
-                } catch (e: IOException) {
-                    Timber.w(e)
-                    Toast.makeText(context, e.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-                    pendingCallback!!.onException()
-                } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
-                    if (e.targetException !is SecurityException) Timber.w(e)
-                    var cause: Throwable? = e
-                    while (cause != null) {
-                        cause = cause.cause
-                        if (cause != null && cause !is InvocationTargetException) {
-                            Toast.makeText(context, cause.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-                            pendingCallback!!.onException()
-                            break
-                        }
-                    }
                 }
                 BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF, BluetoothAdapter.ERROR -> { }
                 else -> return  // ignore transition states
@@ -81,18 +69,18 @@ class BluetoothTethering(context: Context, val stateListener: () -> Unit) :
         }
     }
 
+    private var connected = false
     private var pan: BluetoothProfile? = null
     var activeFailureCause: Throwable? = null
     /**
-     * Requires BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED on API 30+.
-     *
      * Based on: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/apps/Settings/+/78d5efd/src/com/android/settings/TetherSettings.java
      */
     val active: Boolean? get() {
-        activeFailureCause = null
         val pan = pan ?: return null
+        if (!connected) return null
+        activeFailureCause = null
         return BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()?.state == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON && try {
-            isTetheringOn(pan) as Boolean
+            pan.isTetheringOn
         } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
             activeFailureCause = e.cause ?: e
             if (e.cause is SecurityException && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) Timber.d(e) else Timber.w(e)
@@ -104,24 +92,23 @@ class BluetoothTethering(context: Context, val stateListener: () -> Unit) :
 
     init {
         try {
-            BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()?.getProfileProxy(context, this, PAN)
+            pan = pan(context, this)
-        } catch (e: SecurityException) {
+        } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
             Timber.w(e)
-            SmartSnackbar.make(e).show()
+            activeFailureCause = e
         }
         registerBluetoothStateListener(receiver)
     }
 
     override fun onServiceDisconnected(profile: Int) {
-        pan = null
+        connected = false
     }
     override fun onServiceConnected(profile: Int, proxy: BluetoothProfile) {
-        pan = proxy
+        connected = true
         stateListener()
     }
     override fun close() {
         app.unregisterReceiver(receiver)
-        BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()?.closeProfileProxy(PAN, pan)
+        pan?.closePan()
-        pan = null
     }
 }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/manage/IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService.kt

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.R
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.IpNeighbour
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.IpNeighbourMonitor
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.KillableTileService
+import java.net.Inet4Address
 
 @RequiresApi(24)
 abstract class IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService : KillableTileService(), IpNeighbourMonitor.Callback {
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ abstract class IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService : KillableTileService(), IpNeigh
 
     protected fun Tile.subtitleDevices(filter: (String) -> Boolean) {
         val size = neighbours
-                .filter { it.state != IpNeighbour.State.FAILED && filter(it.dev) }
+                .filter { it.ip is Inet4Address && it.state != IpNeighbour.State.FAILED && filter(it.dev) }
                 .distinctBy { it.lladdr }
                 .size
         if (size > 0) subtitle(resources.getQuantityString(

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/manage/RepeaterManager.kt

@@ -210,9 +210,8 @@ class RepeaterManager(private val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(), Servic
                 band = SoftApConfigurationCompat.BAND_ANY
                 channel = RepeaterService.operatingChannel
                 try {
-                    val config = withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {
+                    val config = P2pSupplicantConfiguration(group)
-                        P2pSupplicantConfiguration(group, RepeaterService.lastMac)
+                    config.init(RepeaterService.lastMac)
-                    }
                     holder.config = config
                     passphrase = config.psk
                     bssid = config.bssid

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/manage/RepeaterTileService.kt

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.R
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.RepeaterService
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.KillableTileService
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.stopAndUnbind
 
 @RequiresApi(24)
@@ -22,13 +23,13 @@ class RepeaterTileService : KillableTileService() {
 
     override fun onStartListening() {
         super.onStartListening()
-        if (RepeaterService.supported) {
+        if (Services.p2p != null) {
             bindService(Intent(this, RepeaterService::class.java), this, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)
         } else updateTile()
     }
 
     override fun onStopListening() {
-        if (RepeaterService.supported) stopAndUnbind(this)
+        if (Services.p2p != null) stopAndUnbind(this)
         super.onStopListening()
     }
 

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/manage/TetherManager.kt

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetheringManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiApManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.readableMessage
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import timber.log.Timber
-import java.io.IOException
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
 
 sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
@@ -50,25 +52,12 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
             } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
                 app.logEvent("manage_write_settings") { param("message", e.toString()) }
             }
-            val started = manager.isStarted
+            if (manager.isStarted) try {
-            try {
+                manager.stop()
-                if (started) manager.stop() else manager.start()
-            } catch (e: IOException) {
-                Timber.w(e)
-                Toast.makeText(mainActivity, e.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-                ManageBar.start(itemView.context)
             } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
                 if (e.targetException !is SecurityException) Timber.w(e)
-                var cause: Throwable? = e
+                manager.onException(e)
-                while (cause != null) {
+            } else manager.start()
-                    cause = cause.cause
-                    if (cause != null && cause !is InvocationTargetException) {
-                        Toast.makeText(mainActivity, cause.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-                        ManageBar.start(itemView.context)
-                        break
-                    }
-                }
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -96,6 +85,14 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
         error?.let { SmartSnackbar.make("$tetherType: ${TetheringManager.tetherErrorMessage(it)}") }
         data.notifyChange()
     }
+    override fun onException(e: Exception) {
+        if (e !is InvocationTargetException || e.targetException !is SecurityException) Timber.w(e)
+        GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main.immediate) {
+            val context = parent.context ?: app
+            Toast.makeText(context, e.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
+            ManageBar.start(context)
+        }
+    }
 
     override fun bindTo(viewHolder: RecyclerView.ViewHolder) {
         (viewHolder as ViewHolder).manager = this
@@ -124,7 +121,7 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
         override val type get() = VIEW_TYPE_WIFI
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI, this::onException)
     }
     @RequiresApi(24)
     class Usb(parent: TetheringFragment) : TetherManager(parent) {
@@ -133,7 +130,7 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
         override val type get() = VIEW_TYPE_USB
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB, this::onException)
     }
     @RequiresApi(24)
     class Bluetooth(parent: TetheringFragment) : TetherManager(parent), DefaultLifecycleObserver {
@@ -153,8 +150,6 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
         override val type get() = VIEW_TYPE_BLUETOOTH
         override val isStarted get() = tethering.active == true
 
-        override fun onException() = ManageBar.start(parent.context ?: app)
-
         private var baseError: CharSequence? = null
         private fun makeErrorMessage(): CharSequence = listOfNotNull(
                 if (tethering.active == null) tethering.activeFailureCause?.readableMessage else null,
@@ -166,7 +161,7 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
 
         override fun start() = BluetoothTethering.start(this)
         override fun stop() {
-            TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH)
+            TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, this::onException)
             Thread.sleep(1)         // give others a room to breathe
             onTetheringStarted()    // force flush state
         }
@@ -178,7 +173,7 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
         override val type get() = VIEW_TYPE_ETHERNET
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET, this::onException)
     }
     @RequiresApi(30)
     class Ncm(parent: TetheringFragment) : TetherManager(parent) {
@@ -187,7 +182,7 @@ sealed class TetherManager(protected val parent: TetheringFragment) : Manager(),
         override val type get() = VIEW_TYPE_NCM
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM, this::onException)
     }
 
     @Suppress("DEPRECATION")

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/manage/TetheringFragment.kt

@@ -27,10 +27,9 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetheringManager.localOnlyTetheredIfaces
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetheringManager.tetheredIfaces
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiApDialogFragment
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiApManager
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.ServiceForegroundConnector
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.broadcastReceiver
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.WifiApCommands
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.isNotGone
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.*
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.showAllowingStateLoss
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CompletableDeferred
 import timber.log.Timber
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ class TetheringFragment : Fragment(), ServiceConnection, Toolbar.OnMenuItemClick
             updateEnabledTypes()
 
             val list = ArrayList<Manager>()
-            if (RepeaterService.supported) list.add(repeaterManager)
+            if (Services.p2p != null) list.add(repeaterManager)
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) list.add(localOnlyHotspotManager)
             val monitoredIfaces = binder?.monitoredIfaces ?: emptyList()
             updateMonitorList(activeIfaces - monitoredIfaces)
@@ -150,10 +149,12 @@ class TetheringFragment : Fragment(), ServiceConnection, Toolbar.OnMenuItemClick
             }
         }
     }
+
+    private var apConfigurationRunning = false
     override fun onMenuItemClick(item: MenuItem?): Boolean {
         return when (item?.itemId) {
             R.id.configuration -> item.subMenu.run {
-                findItem(R.id.configuration_repeater).isNotGone = RepeaterService.supported
+                findItem(R.id.configuration_repeater).isNotGone = Services.p2p != null
                 findItem(R.id.configuration_temp_hotspot).isNotGone =
                         adapter.localOnlyHotspotManager.binder?.configuration != null
                 true
@@ -170,16 +171,30 @@ class TetheringFragment : Fragment(), ServiceConnection, Toolbar.OnMenuItemClick
                 }.showAllowingStateLoss(parentFragmentManager)
                 true
             }
-            R.id.configuration_ap -> try {
+            R.id.configuration_ap -> if (apConfigurationRunning) false else {
-                WifiApDialogFragment().apply {
+                apConfigurationRunning = true
-                    arg(WifiApDialogFragment.Arg(WifiApManager.configuration))
+                viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycleScope.launchWhenCreated {
-                    key()
+                    try {
-                }.showAllowingStateLoss(parentFragmentManager)
+                        WifiApManager.configuration
+                    } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
+                        if (e.targetException !is SecurityException) Timber.w(e)
+                        try {
+                            RootManager.use { it.execute(WifiApCommands.GetConfiguration()) }
+                        } catch (eRoot: Exception) {
+                            eRoot.addSuppressed(e)
+                            Timber.w(eRoot)
+                            SmartSnackbar.make(eRoot).show()
+                            null
+                        }
+                    }?.let { configuration ->
+                        WifiApDialogFragment().apply {
+                            arg(WifiApDialogFragment.Arg(configuration))
+                            key()
+                        }.showAllowingStateLoss(parentFragmentManager)
+                    }
+                    apConfigurationRunning = false
+                }
                 true
-            } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
-                if (e.targetException !is SecurityException) Timber.w(e)
-                SmartSnackbar.make(e.targetException).show()
-                false
             }
             else -> false
         }
@@ -187,13 +202,20 @@ class TetheringFragment : Fragment(), ServiceConnection, Toolbar.OnMenuItemClick
 
     override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
         AlertDialogFragment.setResultListener<WifiApDialogFragment, WifiApDialogFragment.Arg>(this) { which, ret ->
-            if (which == DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE) try {
+            if (which == DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE) viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycleScope.launchWhenCreated {
-                WifiApManager.configuration = ret!!.configuration
+                val success = try {
-            } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
+                    WifiApManager.setConfiguration(ret!!.configuration)
-                Timber.d(e)
+                } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
-                SmartSnackbar.make(R.string.configuration_rejected).show()
+                    try {
-            } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
+                        RootManager.use { it.execute(WifiApCommands.SetConfiguration(ret!!.configuration)) }
-                SmartSnackbar.make(e.targetException).show()
+                    } catch (eRoot: Exception) {
+                        eRoot.addSuppressed(e)
+                        Timber.w(eRoot)
+                        SmartSnackbar.make(eRoot).show()
+                        null
+                    }
+                }
+                if (success == false) SmartSnackbar.make(R.string.configuration_rejected).show()
             }
         }
         binding = FragmentTetheringBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/manage/TetheringTileService.kt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import android.service.quicksettings.Tile
 import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.R
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.TetheringService
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetherType
@@ -20,8 +21,10 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiApManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.broadcastReceiver
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.readableMessage
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.stopAndUnbind
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import timber.log.Timber
-import java.io.IOException
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
 
 @RequiresApi(24)
@@ -97,30 +100,17 @@ sealed class TetheringTileService : IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService(), Tetherin
         }
     }
 
-    protected inline fun safeInvoker(func: () -> Unit) = try {
-        func()
-    } catch (e: IOException) {
-        Timber.w(e)
-        Toast.makeText(this, e.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-    } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
-        if (e.targetException !is SecurityException) Timber.w(e)
-        var cause: Throwable? = e
-        while (cause != null) {
-            cause = cause.cause
-            if (cause != null && cause !is InvocationTargetException) {
-                Toast.makeText(this, cause.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-                break
-            }
-        }
-    }
     override fun onClick() {
         val interested = interested ?: return
-        if (interested.isEmpty()) safeInvoker { start() } else {
+        if (interested.isEmpty()) start() else {
             val binder = binder
             if (binder == null) tapPending = true else {
                 val inactive = interested.filterNot(binder::isActive)
-                if (inactive.isEmpty()) safeInvoker { stop() }
+                if (inactive.isEmpty()) try {
-                else ContextCompat.startForegroundService(this, Intent(this, TetheringService::class.java)
+                    stop()
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    onException(e)
+                } else ContextCompat.startForegroundService(this, Intent(this, TetheringService::class.java)
                         .putExtra(TetheringService.EXTRA_ADD_INTERFACES, inactive.toTypedArray()))
             }
         }
@@ -132,6 +122,12 @@ sealed class TetheringTileService : IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService(), Tetherin
         error?.let { Toast.makeText(this, TetheringManager.tetherErrorMessage(it), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show() }
         updateTile()
     }
+    override fun onException(e: Exception) {
+        if (e !is InvocationTargetException || e.targetException !is SecurityException) Timber.w(e)
+        GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main.immediate) {
+            Toast.makeText(this@TetheringTileService, e.readableMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
+        }
+    }
 
     class Wifi : TetheringTileService() {
         override val labelString get() = R.string.tethering_manage_wifi
@@ -139,14 +135,14 @@ sealed class TetheringTileService : IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService(), Tetherin
         override val icon get() = R.drawable.ic_device_wifi_tethering
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI, this::onException)
     }
     class Usb : TetheringTileService() {
         override val labelString get() = R.string.tethering_manage_usb
         override val tetherType get() = TetherType.USB
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB, this::onException)
     }
     class Bluetooth : TetheringTileService() {
         private var tethering: BluetoothTethering? = null
@@ -156,7 +152,7 @@ sealed class TetheringTileService : IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService(), Tetherin
 
         override fun start() = BluetoothTethering.start(this)
         override fun stop() {
-            TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH)
+            TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, this::onException)
             Thread.sleep(1)         // give others a room to breathe
             onTetheringStarted()    // force flush state
         }
@@ -202,12 +198,15 @@ sealed class TetheringTileService : IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService(), Tetherin
                     val binder = binder
                     if (binder == null) tapPending = true else {
                         val inactive = (interested ?: return).filterNot(binder::isActive)
-                        if (inactive.isEmpty()) safeInvoker { stop() }
+                        if (inactive.isEmpty()) try {
-                        else ContextCompat.startForegroundService(this, Intent(this, TetheringService::class.java)
+                            stop()
+                        } catch (e: Exception) {
+                            onException(e)
+                        } else ContextCompat.startForegroundService(this, Intent(this, TetheringService::class.java)
                                 .putExtra(TetheringService.EXTRA_ADD_INTERFACES, inactive.toTypedArray()))
                     }
                 }
-                false -> safeInvoker { start() }
+                false -> start()
                 else -> tapPending = true
             }
         }
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@ sealed class TetheringTileService : IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService(), Tetherin
         override val tetherType get() = TetherType.ETHERNET
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET, this::onException)
     }
     @RequiresApi(30)
     class Ncm : TetheringTileService() {
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ sealed class TetheringTileService : IpNeighbourMonitoringTileService(), Tetherin
         override val tetherType get() = TetherType.NCM
 
         override fun start() = TetheringManager.startTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM, true, this)
-        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM)
+        override fun stop() = TetheringManager.stopTethering(TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM, this::onException)
     }
 
     @Suppress("DEPRECATION")

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/DhcpWorkaround.kt

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net
 
 import android.content.SharedPreferences
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RoutingCommands
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
@@ -32,11 +33,11 @@ object DhcpWorkaround : SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {
             RootSession.use {
                 try {
                     it.exec("ip rule $action iif lo uidrange 0-0 lookup local_network priority 11000")
-                } catch (e: RootSession.UnexpectedOutputException) {
+                } catch (e: RoutingCommands.UnexpectedOutputException) {
-                    if (e.result.out.isEmpty() && (e.result.code == 2 || e.result.code == 254) && if (enabled) {
+                    if (e.result.out.isEmpty() && (e.result.exit == 2 || e.result.exit == 254) && if (enabled) {
-                                e.result.err.joinToString("\n") == "RTNETLINK answers: File exists"
+                                e.result.err == "RTNETLINK answers: File exists"
                             } else {
-                                e.result.err.joinToString("\n") == "RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory"
+                                e.result.err == "RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory"
                             }) return@use
                     Timber.w(IOException("Failed to tweak dhcp workaround rule", e))
                     SmartSnackbar.make(e).show()

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/IpNeighbour.kt

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net
 import android.os.Build
 import android.system.ErrnoException
 import android.system.OsConstants
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.ReadArp
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.parseNumericAddress
+import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 import timber.log.Timber
 import java.io.File
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ data class IpNeighbour(val ip: InetAddress, val dev: String, val lladdr: MacAddr
         private fun checkLladdrNotLoopback(lladdr: String) = if (lladdr == "00:00:00:00:00:00") "" else lladdr
 
         fun parse(line: String): List<IpNeighbour> {
+            if (line.isBlank()) return emptyList()
             return try {
                 val match = parser.matchEntire(line)!!
                 val ip = parseNumericAddress(match.groupValues[2])  // by regex, ip is non-empty
@@ -87,17 +91,24 @@ data class IpNeighbour(val ip: InetAddress, val dev: String, val lladdr: MacAddr
         private const val ARP_CACHE_EXPIRE = 1L * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
         private var arpCache = emptyList<List<String>>()
         private var arpCacheTime = -ARP_CACHE_EXPIRE
+        private fun Sequence<String>.makeArp() = this
+                .map { it.split(spaces) }
+                .drop(1)
+                .filter { it.size >= 6 && mac.matcher(it[ARP_HW_ADDRESS]).matches() }
+                .toList()
         private fun arp(): List<List<String>> {
             if (System.nanoTime() - arpCacheTime >= ARP_CACHE_EXPIRE) try {
-                arpCache = File("/proc/net/arp").bufferedReader().readLines()
+                arpCache = File("/proc/net/arp").bufferedReader().lineSequence().makeArp()
-                        .asSequence()
-                        .map { it.split(spaces) }
-                        .drop(1)
-                        .filter { it.size >= 6 && mac.matcher(it[ARP_HW_ADDRESS]).matches() }
-                        .toList()
             } catch (e: IOException) {
-                if (e !is FileNotFoundException || Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 29 ||
+                if (e is FileNotFoundException && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29 &&
-                        (e.cause as? ErrnoException)?.errno != OsConstants.EACCES) Timber.w(e)
+                        (e.cause as? ErrnoException)?.errno == OsConstants.EACCES) try {
+                    arpCache = runBlocking {
+                        RootManager.use { it.execute(ReadArp()) }
+                    }.value.lineSequence().makeArp()
+                } catch (eRoot: Exception) {
+                    eRoot.addSuppressed(e)
+                    Timber.w(eRoot)
+                } else Timber.w(e)
             }
             return arpCache
         }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/Routing.kt

@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.IpNeighbourMonitor
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.TrafficRecorder
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor.UpstreamMonitor
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.room.AppDatabase
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RoutingCommands
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import timber.log.Timber
+import java.io.BufferedWriter
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.net.Inet4Address
 import java.net.InetAddress
@@ -41,42 +44,38 @@ class Routing(private val caller: Any, private val downstream: String,
         private const val RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM_FALLBACK = 17900
         private const val RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM_DISABLE_SYSTEM = 17980
 
-        /**
+        const val IPTABLES ="iptables -w"
-         * -w <seconds> is not supported on 7.1-.
+        const val IP6TABLES = "ip6tables -w"
-         * Fortunately there also isn't a time limit for starting a foreground service back in 7.1-.
-         *
-         * Source: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/iptables/+/android-5.0.0_r1/iptables/iptables.c#1574
-         */
-        val IPTABLES = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) "iptables -w 1" else "iptables -w"
-        val IP6TABLES = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) "ip6tables -w 1" else "ip6tables -w"
 
-        fun clean() {
+        fun appendCleanCommands(commands: BufferedWriter) {
+            commands.appendln("$IPTABLES -t nat -F PREROUTING")
+            commands.appendln("while $IPTABLES -D FORWARD -j vpnhotspot_fwd; do done")
+            commands.appendln("$IPTABLES -F vpnhotspot_fwd")
+            commands.appendln("$IPTABLES -X vpnhotspot_fwd")
+            commands.appendln("$IPTABLES -F vpnhotspot_acl")
+            commands.appendln("$IPTABLES -X vpnhotspot_acl")
+            commands.appendln("while $IPTABLES -t nat -D POSTROUTING -j vpnhotspot_masquerade; do done")
+            commands.appendln("$IPTABLES -t nat -F vpnhotspot_masquerade")
+            commands.appendln("$IPTABLES -t nat -X vpnhotspot_masquerade")
+            commands.appendln("while $IP6TABLES -D INPUT -j vpnhotspot_filter; do done")
+            commands.appendln("while $IP6TABLES -D FORWARD -j vpnhotspot_filter; do done")
+            commands.appendln("while $IP6TABLES -D OUTPUT -j vpnhotspot_filter; do done")
+            commands.appendln("$IP6TABLES -F vpnhotspot_filter")
+            commands.appendln("$IP6TABLES -X vpnhotspot_filter")
+            commands.appendln("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_DNS; do done")
+            commands.appendln("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM; do done")
+            commands.appendln("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM_FALLBACK; do done")
+            commands.appendln("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM_DISABLE_SYSTEM; do done")
+        }
+
+        suspend fun clean() {
             TrafficRecorder.clean()
-            RootSession.use {
+            RootManager.use { it.execute(RoutingCommands.Clean()) }
-                it.execQuiet("$IPTABLES -t nat -F PREROUTING")
-                it.execQuiet("while $IPTABLES -D FORWARD -j vpnhotspot_fwd; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("$IPTABLES -F vpnhotspot_fwd")
-                it.execQuiet("$IPTABLES -X vpnhotspot_fwd")
-                it.execQuiet("$IPTABLES -F vpnhotspot_acl")
-                it.execQuiet("$IPTABLES -X vpnhotspot_acl")
-                it.execQuiet("while $IPTABLES -t nat -D POSTROUTING -j vpnhotspot_masquerade; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("$IPTABLES -t nat -F vpnhotspot_masquerade")
-                it.execQuiet("$IPTABLES -t nat -X vpnhotspot_masquerade")
-                it.execQuiet("while $IP6TABLES -D INPUT -j vpnhotspot_filter; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("while $IP6TABLES -D FORWARD -j vpnhotspot_filter; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("while $IP6TABLES -D OUTPUT -j vpnhotspot_filter; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("$IP6TABLES -F vpnhotspot_filter")
-                it.execQuiet("$IP6TABLES -X vpnhotspot_filter")
-                it.execQuiet("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_DNS; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM_FALLBACK; do done")
-                it.execQuiet("while ip rule del priority $RULE_PRIORITY_UPSTREAM_DISABLE_SYSTEM; do done")
-            }
         }
 
         private fun RootSession.Transaction.iptables(command: String, revert: String) {
             val result = execQuiet(command, revert)
-            val message = RootSession.checkOutput(command, result, err = false)
+            val message = result.message(listOf(command), err = false)
             if (result.err.isNotEmpty()) Timber.i(message)  // busy wait message
         }
         private fun RootSession.Transaction.iptablesAdd(content: String, table: String = "filter") =
@@ -88,9 +87,9 @@ class Routing(private val caller: Any, private val downstream: String,
 
         private fun RootSession.Transaction.ndc(name: String, command: String, revert: String? = null) {
             val result = execQuiet(command, revert)
-            val log = RootSession.checkOutput(command, result,
+            val suffix = "200 0 $name operation succeeded\n"
-                    result.out.lastOrNull() != "200 0 $name operation succeeded")
+            result.check(listOf(command), !result.out.endsWith(suffix))
-            if (result.out.size > 1) Timber.i(log)
+            if (result.out.length > suffix.length) Timber.i(result.message(listOf(command), true))
         }
     }
 
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ class Routing(private val caller: Any, private val downstream: String,
             transaction.ndc("ipfwd", "ndc ipfwd enable vpnhotspot_$downstream",
                     "ndc ipfwd disable vpnhotspot_$downstream")
             return
-        } catch (e: RootSession.UnexpectedOutputException) {
+        } catch (e: RoutingCommands.UnexpectedOutputException) {
             Timber.w(IOException("ndc ipfwd enable failure", e))
         }
         transaction.exec("echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward")

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/TetherOffloadManager.kt

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net
 import android.provider.Settings
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.SettingsGlobalPut
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 
 /**
  * It's hard to change tethering rules with Tethering hardware acceleration enabled for now.
@@ -16,11 +18,18 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
 @RequiresApi(27)
 object TetherOffloadManager {
     private const val TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED = "tether_offload_disabled"
-    var enabled: Boolean
+    val enabled get() = Settings.Global.getInt(app.contentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, 0) == 0
-        get() = Settings.Global.getInt(app.contentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, 0) == 0
+    suspend fun setEnabled(value: Boolean) {
-        set(value) {
+        val int = if (value) 0 else 1
-            RootSession.use {
+        try {
-                it.exec("settings put global $TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED ${if (value) 0 else 1}")
+            check(Settings.Global.putInt(Services.context.contentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, int))
+        } catch (e: SecurityException) {
+            try {
+                RootManager.use { it.execute(SettingsGlobalPut(TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, int.toString())) }
+            } catch (eRoot: Exception) {
+                eRoot.addSuppressed(e)
+                throw eRoot
             }
         }
+    }
 }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/TetheringManager.kt

@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@ import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.collection.SparseArrayCompat
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.R
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.StartTethering
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.StopTethering
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.broadcastReceiver
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.callSuper
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.ensureReceiverUnregistered
 import com.android.dx.stock.ProxyBuilder
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import timber.log.Timber
+import java.io.File
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
@@ -49,7 +57,10 @@ object TetheringManager {
          */
         fun onTetheringFailed(error: Int? = null) { }
 
-        fun onException() { }
+        /**
+         * ADDED: Called when a local Exception occurred.
+         */
+        fun onException(e: Exception) { }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -130,7 +141,6 @@ object TetheringManager {
     /**
      * Ncm local tethering type.
      *
-     * Requires NETWORK_SETTINGS permission, which is sadly not obtainable.
      * @see [startTethering]
      */
     @RequiresApi(30)
@@ -149,7 +159,7 @@ object TetheringManager {
     @get:RequiresApi(30)
     private val instance by lazy @TargetApi(30) {
         @SuppressLint("WrongConstant")      // hidden services are not included in constants as of R preview 4
-        val service = app.getSystemService(TETHERING_SERVICE)
+        val service = Services.context.getSystemService(TETHERING_SERVICE)
         service
     }
     @get:RequiresApi(30)
@@ -211,12 +221,64 @@ object TetheringManager {
 
     private fun Handler?.makeExecutor() = Executor { if (this == null) it.run() else post(it) }
 
+    @Deprecated("Legacy API")
+    @RequiresApi(24)
+    fun startTetheringLegacy(type: Int, showProvisioningUi: Boolean, callback: StartTetheringCallback,
+                             handler: Handler? = null, cacheDir: File = app.deviceStorage.codeCacheDir) {
+        val reference = WeakReference(callback)
+        val proxy = ProxyBuilder.forClass(classOnStartTetheringCallback).apply {
+            dexCache(cacheDir)
+            handler { proxy, method, args ->
+                if (args.isNotEmpty()) Timber.w("Unexpected args for ${method.name}: $args")
+                @Suppress("NAME_SHADOWING") val callback = reference.get()
+                when (method.name) {
+                    "onTetheringStarted" -> callback?.onTetheringStarted()
+                    "onTetheringFailed" -> callback?.onTetheringFailed()
+                    else -> ProxyBuilder.callSuper(proxy, method, args)
+                }
+            }
+        }.build()
+        startTetheringLegacy(Services.connectivity, type, showProvisioningUi, proxy, handler)
+    }
+    @RequiresApi(30)
+    fun startTethering(type: Int, exemptFromEntitlementCheck: Boolean, showProvisioningUi: Boolean, executor: Executor,
+                       proxy: Any) {
+        startTethering(instance, newTetheringRequestBuilder.newInstance(type).let { builder ->
+            // setting exemption requires TETHER_PRIVILEGED permission
+            if (exemptFromEntitlementCheck) setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(builder, true)
+            setShouldShowEntitlementUi(builder, showProvisioningUi)
+            build(builder)
+        }, executor, proxy)
+    }
+    @RequiresApi(30)
+    fun proxy(callback: StartTetheringCallback): Any {
+        val reference = WeakReference(callback)
+        return Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceStartTetheringCallback.classLoader,
+                arrayOf(interfaceStartTetheringCallback), object : InvocationHandler {
+            override fun invoke(proxy: Any, method: Method, args: Array<out Any?>?): Any? {
+                @Suppress("NAME_SHADOWING") val callback = reference.get()
+                return when (val name = method.name) {
+                    "onTetheringStarted" -> {
+                        if (!args.isNullOrEmpty()) Timber.w("Unexpected args for $name: $args")
+                        callback?.onTetheringStarted()
+                    }
+                    "onTetheringFailed" -> {
+                        if (args?.size != 1) Timber.w("Unexpected args for $name: $args")
+                        callback?.onTetheringFailed(args?.get(0) as Int)
+                    }
+                    else -> callSuper(interfaceStartTetheringCallback, proxy, method, args)
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
     /**
      * Runs tether provisioning for the given type if needed and then starts tethering if
      * the check succeeds. If no carrier provisioning is required for tethering, tethering is
      * enabled immediately. If provisioning fails, tethering will not be enabled. It also
      * schedules tether provisioning re-checks if appropriate.
      *
+     * CHANGED BEHAVIOR: This method will not throw Exceptions, instead, callback.onException will be called.
+     *
      * @param type The type of tethering to start. Must be one of
      *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_WIFI},
      *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_USB}, or
@@ -234,48 +296,57 @@ object TetheringManager {
      */
     @RequiresApi(24)
     fun startTethering(type: Int, showProvisioningUi: Boolean, callback: StartTetheringCallback,
-                       handler: Handler? = null) {
+                       handler: Handler? = null, cacheDir: File = app.deviceStorage.codeCacheDir) {
-        val reference = WeakReference(callback)
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) try {
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) {
+            val proxy = proxy(callback)
-            val request = newTetheringRequestBuilder.newInstance(type).let { builder ->
+            val executor = handler.makeExecutor()
-                // setting exemption requires TETHER_PRIVILEGED permission
+            try {
-                if (app.checkSelfPermission("android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED") ==
+                startTethering(type, true, showProvisioningUi, executor, proxy)
-                        PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(builder, true)
+            } catch (e1: InvocationTargetException) {
-                setShouldShowEntitlementUi(builder, showProvisioningUi)
+                if (e1.targetException is SecurityException) GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Unconfined) {
-                build(builder)
+                    val result = try {
+                        RootManager.use { it.execute(StartTethering(type, showProvisioningUi)) }
+                    } catch (e2: Exception) {
+                        e2.addSuppressed(e1)
+                        try {
+                            // last resort: start tethering without trying to bypass entitlement check
+                            startTethering(type, false, showProvisioningUi, executor, proxy)
+                            Timber.w(e2)
+                        } catch (e3: Exception) {
+                            e3.addSuppressed(e2)
+                            Timber.w(e3)
+                            callback.onException(e3)
+                        }
+                        return@launch
+                    }
+                    if (result == null) callback.onTetheringStarted()
+                    else callback.onTetheringFailed(result.value)
+                } else callback.onException(e1)
             }
-            val proxy = Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceStartTetheringCallback.classLoader,
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    arrayOf(interfaceStartTetheringCallback), object : InvocationHandler {
+            callback.onException(e)
-                override fun invoke(proxy: Any, method: Method, args: Array<out Any?>?): Any? {
+        } else @Suppress("DEPRECATION") try {
-                    @Suppress("NAME_SHADOWING") val callback = reference.get()
+            startTetheringLegacy(type, showProvisioningUi, callback, handler, cacheDir)
-                    return when (val name = method.name) {
+        } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
-                        "onTetheringStarted" -> {
+            if (e.targetException is SecurityException) GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Unconfined) {
-                            if (!args.isNullOrEmpty()) Timber.w("Unexpected args for $name: $args")
+                val result = try {
-                            callback?.onTetheringStarted()
+                    val rootCache = File(cacheDir, "root")
-                        }
+                    rootCache.mkdirs()
-                        "onTetheringFailed" -> {
+                    check(rootCache.exists()) { "Creating root cache dir failed" }
-                            if (args?.size != 1) Timber.w("Unexpected args for $name: $args")
+                    RootManager.use {
-                            callback?.onTetheringFailed(args?.getOrNull(0) as? Int?)
+                        it.execute(be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.StartTetheringLegacy(
-                        }
+                                rootCache, type, showProvisioningUi))
-                        else -> callSuper(interfaceStartTetheringCallback, proxy, method, args)
+                    }.value
-                    }
+                } catch (eRoot: Exception) {
+                    eRoot.addSuppressed(e)
+                    Timber.w(eRoot)
+                    callback.onException(eRoot)
+                    return@launch
                 }
-            })
+                if (result) callback.onTetheringStarted() else callback.onTetheringFailed()
-            startTethering(instance, request, handler.makeExecutor(), proxy)
+            } else callback.onException(e)
-        } else {
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            val proxy = ProxyBuilder.forClass(classOnStartTetheringCallback).apply {
+            callback.onException(e)
-                dexCache(app.deviceStorage.cacheDir)
-                handler { proxy, method, args ->
-                    if (args.isNotEmpty()) Timber.w("Unexpected args for ${method.name}: $args")
-                    @Suppress("NAME_SHADOWING") val callback = reference.get()
-                    when (method.name) {
-                        "onTetheringStarted" -> callback?.onTetheringStarted()
-                        "onTetheringFailed" -> callback?.onTetheringFailed()
-                        else -> ProxyBuilder.callSuper(proxy, method, args)
-                    }
-                }
-            }.build()
-            startTetheringLegacy(app.connectivity, type, showProvisioningUi, proxy, handler)
         }
     }
 
@@ -290,7 +361,21 @@ object TetheringManager {
      */
     @RequiresApi(24)
     fun stopTethering(type: Int) {
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) stopTethering(instance, type) else stopTetheringLegacy(app.connectivity, type)
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) stopTethering(instance, type)
+        else stopTetheringLegacy(Services.connectivity, type)
+    }
+    @RequiresApi(24)
+    fun stopTethering(type: Int, callback: (Exception) -> Unit) = try {
+        stopTethering(type)
+    } catch (e: InvocationTargetException) {
+        if (e.targetException is SecurityException) GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Unconfined) {
+            try {
+                RootManager.use { it.execute(StopTethering(type)) }
+            } catch (eRoot: Exception) {
+                eRoot.addSuppressed(e)
+                callback(eRoot)
+            }
+        } else callback(e)
     }
 
     /**
@@ -517,7 +602,7 @@ object TetheringManager {
      * @return error The error code of the last error tethering or untethering the named
      *               interface
      */
-    fun getLastTetherError(iface: String): Int = getLastTetherError(app.connectivity, iface) as Int
+    fun getLastTetherError(iface: String): Int = getLastTetherError(Services.connectivity, iface) as Int
 
     // tether errors defined in ConnectivityManager up to Android 10
     private val tetherErrors29 = arrayOf("TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR", "TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE",

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/DefaultNetworkMonitor.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor
 
 import android.annotation.TargetApi
-import android.net.*
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.os.Build
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import timber.log.Timber
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ object DefaultNetworkMonitor : UpstreamMonitor() {
             .build()
     private val networkCallback = object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
         override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {
-            val properties = app.connectivity.getLinkProperties(network)
+            val properties = Services.connectivity.getLinkProperties(network)
             val ifname = properties?.interfaceName ?: return
             var switching = false
             synchronized(this@DefaultNetworkMonitor) {
@@ -83,9 +86,9 @@ object DefaultNetworkMonitor : UpstreamMonitor() {
             }
         } else {
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT in 24..27) @TargetApi(24) {
-                app.connectivity.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
+                Services.connectivity.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
             } else try {
-                app.connectivity.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback)
+                Services.connectivity.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback)
             } catch (e: SecurityException) {
                 // SecurityException would be thrown in requestNetwork on Android 6.0 thanks to Google's stupid bug
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 23) throw e
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ object DefaultNetworkMonitor : UpstreamMonitor() {
 
     override fun destroyLocked() {
         if (!registered) return
-        app.connectivity.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
+        Services.connectivity.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
         registered = false
         currentNetwork = null
         currentLinkProperties = null

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/InterfaceMonitor.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor
 
 import android.net.LinkProperties
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ class InterfaceMonitor(val iface: String) : UpstreamMonitor() {
     private var registered = false
     override var currentIface: String? = null
         private set
-    override val currentLinkProperties get() = app.connectivity.allNetworks
+    override val currentLinkProperties get() = Services.connectivity.allNetworks
-            .map { app.connectivity.getLinkProperties(it) }
+            .map { Services.connectivity.getLinkProperties(it) }
             .singleOrNull { it?.interfaceName == iface }
 
     override fun registerCallbackLocked(callback: Callback) {

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/IpLinkMonitor.kt

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class IpLinkMonitor private constructor() : IpMonitor() {
                 monitor = IpLinkMonitor()
                 instance = monitor
             }
-            monitor.flush()
+            monitor.flushAsync()
         }
         fun unregisterCallback(owner: Any) = synchronized(this) {
             if (callbacks.remove(owner) == null || callbacks.isNotEmpty()) return@synchronized

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/IpMonitor.kt

@@ -4,20 +4,25 @@ import android.os.Build
 import android.system.ErrnoException
 import android.system.OsConstants
 import androidx.core.content.edit
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootServer
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.BuildConfig
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.R
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.ProcessData
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.ProcessListener
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RoutingCommands
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
+import kotlinx.coroutines.*
+import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.ReceiveChannel
+import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.consumeEach
 import timber.log.Timber
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.io.InterruptedIOException
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 import kotlin.concurrent.thread
+import kotlin.coroutines.EmptyCoroutineContext
 
-abstract class IpMonitor : Runnable {
+abstract class IpMonitor {
     companion object {
         const val KEY = "service.ipMonitor"
         // https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/iproute2/+/7f7a711/lib/libnetlink.c#493
@@ -51,7 +56,7 @@ abstract class IpMonitor : Runnable {
     @Volatile
     private var destroyed = false
     private var monitor: Process? = null
-    private var pool: ScheduledExecutorService? = null
+    private val worker = Job()
 
     private fun handleProcess(builder: ProcessBuilder) {
         val process = try {
@@ -79,8 +84,18 @@ abstract class IpMonitor : Runnable {
             if ((e.cause as? ErrnoException)?.errno != OsConstants.EBADF) Timber.w(e)
         }
         err.join()
-        process.waitFor()
+        Timber.d("Monitor process exited with ${process.waitFor()}")
-        Timber.d("Monitor process exited with ${process.exitValue()}")
+    }
+    private suspend fun handleChannel(channel: ReceiveChannel<ProcessData>) {
+        channel.consumeEach {
+            when (it) {
+                is ProcessData.StdoutLine -> if (errorMatcher.containsMatchIn(it.line)) {
+                    Timber.w(it.line)
+                } else processLine(it.line)
+                is ProcessData.StderrLine -> Timber.e(it.line)
+                is ProcessData.Exit -> Timber.d("Root monitor process exited with ${it.code}")
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     init {
@@ -92,17 +107,64 @@ abstract class IpMonitor : Runnable {
                     handleProcess(ProcessBuilder("ip", "monitor", monitoredObject))
                     if (destroyed) return@thread
                 }
-                handleProcess(ProcessBuilder("su", "-c", "exec ip monitor $monitoredObject"))
+                try {
+                    runBlocking(EmptyCoroutineContext + worker) {
+                        RootManager.use { server ->
+                            // while we only need to use this server once, we need to also keep the server alive
+                            handleChannel(server.create(ProcessListener(errorMatcher, "ip", "monitor", monitoredObject),
+                                    this))
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (e: CancellationException) {
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Timber.w(e)
+                }
                 if (destroyed) return@thread
                 app.logEvent("ip_monitor_failure")
             }
-            val pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1)
+            GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO + worker) {
-            pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(this, 1, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                var server: RootServer? = null
-            this.pool = pool
+                try {
+                    while (isActive) {
+                        delay(1000)
+                        server = work(server)
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (server != null) RootManager.release(server)
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    fun flush() = thread(name = "${javaClass.simpleName}-flush") { run() }
+    /**
+     * Possibly blocking. Should run in IO dispatcher or use [flushAsync].
+     */
+    suspend fun flush() = work(null)?.let { RootManager.release(it) }
+    fun flushAsync() = GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) { flush() }
+
+    private suspend fun work(server: RootServer?): RootServer? {
+        if (currentMode != Mode.PollRoot) try {
+            poll()
+            return server
+        } catch (e: IOException) {
+            app.logEvent("ip_poll_failure")
+            Timber.d(e)
+        }
+        var newServer = server
+        try {
+            val command = listOf("ip", monitoredObject)
+            val result = (server ?: RootManager.acquire().also { newServer = it })
+                    .execute(RoutingCommands.Process(command))
+            result.check(command, false)
+            val lines = result.out.lines()
+            if (lines.any { errorMatcher.containsMatchIn(it) }) throw IOException(result.out)
+            processLines(lines.asSequence())
+        } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
+            app.logEvent("ip_su_poll_failure") { param("cause", e.message.toString()) }
+            Timber.d(e)
+        }
+        return newServer
+    }
 
     private fun poll() {
         val process = ProcessBuilder("ip", monitoredObject)
@@ -125,32 +187,9 @@ abstract class IpMonitor : Runnable {
         }
     }
 
-    override fun run() {
-        if (currentMode != Mode.PollRoot) try {
-            return poll()
-        } catch (e: IOException) {
-            app.logEvent("ip_poll_failure")
-            Timber.d(e)
-        }
-        try {
-            val command = "ip $monitoredObject"
-            RootSession.use { shell ->
-                val result = shell.execQuiet(command)
-                RootSession.checkOutput(command, result, false)
-                if (result.out.any { errorMatcher.containsMatchIn(it) }) {
-                    throw IOException(result.out.joinToString("\n"))
-                }
-                processLines(result.out.asSequence())
-            }
-        } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
-            app.logEvent("ip_su_poll_failure") { param("cause", e.message.toString()) }
-            Timber.d(e)
-        }
-    }
-
     fun destroy() {
         destroyed = true
         monitor?.destroy()
-        pool?.shutdown()
+        worker.cancel()
     }
 }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/IpNeighbourMonitor.kt

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class IpNeighbourMonitor private constructor() : IpMonitor() {
             if (monitor == null) {
                 monitor = IpNeighbourMonitor()
                 instance = monitor
-                monitor.flush()
+                monitor.flushAsync()
                 null
             } else monitor.neighbours.values
         }?.let { callback.onIpNeighbourAvailable(it) }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/TetherTimeoutMonitor.kt

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class TetherTimeoutMonitor(private val context: Context, private val onTimeout:
         var enabled
             get() = Settings.Global.getInt(app.contentResolver, SOFT_AP_TIMEOUT_ENABLED, 1) == 1
             set(value) {
+                // TODO: WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission
                 check(Settings.Global.putInt(app.contentResolver, SOFT_AP_TIMEOUT_ENABLED, if (value) 1 else 0))
             }
         @Deprecated("Use SoftApConfigurationCompat instead")

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/TrafficRecorder.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor
 
-import android.util.LongSparseArray
+import androidx.collection.LongSparseArray
+import androidx.collection.set
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.MacAddressCompat
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.Routing.Companion.IPTABLES
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.room.AppDatabase
@@ -63,10 +64,11 @@ object TrafficRecorder {
         loop@ for (line in RootSession.use {
             val command = "$IPTABLES -nvx -L vpnhotspot_acl"
             val result = it.execQuiet(command)
-            val message = RootSession.checkOutput(command, result, false, false)
+            val message = result.message(listOf(command))
             if (result.err.isNotEmpty()) Timber.i(message)
-            result.out.drop(2)
+            result.out.lineSequence().drop(2)
         }) {
+            if (line.isBlank()) continue
             val columns = line.split("\\s+".toRegex()).filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
             try {
                 check(columns.size >= 9)
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ object TrafficRecorder {
                         }
                         if (oldRecord.id != null) {
                             check(records.put(key, record) == oldRecord)
-                            oldRecords.put(oldRecord.id!!, oldRecord)
+                            oldRecords[oldRecord.id!!] = oldRecord
                         }
                     }
                     else -> check(false)

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/monitor/VpnMonitor.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.monitor
 
-import android.net.*
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import timber.log.Timber
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ object VpnMonitor : UpstreamMonitor() {
     }
     private val networkCallback = object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
         override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {
-            val properties = app.connectivity.getLinkProperties(network)
+            val properties = Services.connectivity.getLinkProperties(network)
             val ifname = properties?.interfaceName ?: return
             var switching = false
             synchronized(this@VpnMonitor) {
@@ -88,14 +91,14 @@ object VpnMonitor : UpstreamMonitor() {
                 callback.onAvailable(currentLinkProperties.interfaceName!!, currentLinkProperties)
             }
         } else {
-            app.connectivity.registerNetworkCallback(request, networkCallback)
+            Services.connectivity.registerNetworkCallback(request, networkCallback)
             registered = true
         }
     }
 
     override fun destroyLocked() {
         if (!registered) return
-        app.connectivity.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
+        Services.connectivity.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
         registered = false
         available.clear()
         currentNetwork = null

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/wifi/P2pSupplicantConfiguration.kt

@@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi
 
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pGroup
-import android.os.Build
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.RepeaterService
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.MacAddressCompat
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.RootSession
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RepeaterCommands
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
 import com.google.firebase.crashlytics.FirebaseCrashlytics
-import java.io.File
 
 /**
  * This parser is based on:
  *   https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/wpa_supplicant_8/+/d2986c2/wpa_supplicant/config.c#488
  *   https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/wpa_supplicant_8/+/6fa46df/wpa_supplicant/config_file.c#182
  */
-class P2pSupplicantConfiguration(private val group: WifiP2pGroup? = null, ownerAddress: String? = null) {
+class P2pSupplicantConfiguration(private val group: WifiP2pGroup? = null) {
     companion object {
         private const val TAG = "P2pSupplicantConfiguration"
-        private const val CONF_PATH_TREBLE = "/data/vendor/wifi/wpa/p2p_supplicant.conf"
-        private const val CONF_PATH_LEGACY = "/data/misc/wifi/p2p_supplicant.conf"
         private const val PERSISTENT_MAC = "p2p_device_persistent_mac_addr="
         private val networkParser =
                 "^(bssid=(([0-9a-fA-F]{2}:){5}[0-9a-fA-F]{2})|psk=(ext:|\"(.*)\"|[0-9a-fA-F]{64}\$)?)".toRegex()
@@ -36,12 +32,11 @@ class P2pSupplicantConfiguration(private val group: WifiP2pGroup? = null, ownerA
         override fun toString() = joinToString("\n")
     }
 
-    private class Parser(val lines: List<String>) {
+    private class Parser(val lines: Iterator<String>) {
-        private val iterator = lines.iterator()
         lateinit var line: String
         lateinit var trimmed: String
-        fun next() = if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+        fun next() = if (lines.hasNext()) {
-            line = iterator.next().apply { trimmed = trimStart('\r', '\t', ' ') }
+            line = lines.next().apply { trimmed = trimStart('\r', '\t', ' ') }
             true
         } else false
     }
@@ -49,14 +44,12 @@ class P2pSupplicantConfiguration(private val group: WifiP2pGroup? = null, ownerA
     private data class Content(val lines: ArrayList<Any>, var target: NetworkBlock, var persistentMacLine: Int?,
                                var legacy: Boolean)
 
-    private val content = RootSession.use {
+    private lateinit var content: Content
+    suspend fun init(ownerAddress: String? = null) {
         val result = ArrayList<Any>()
         var target: NetworkBlock? = null
         var persistentMacLine: Int? = null
-        val command = "cat $CONF_PATH_TREBLE || cat $CONF_PATH_LEGACY"
+        val (config, legacy) = RootManager.use { it.execute(RepeaterCommands.ReadP2pConfig()) }
-        val shell = it.execQuiet(command)
-        RootSession.checkOutput(command, shell, false, false)
-        val parser = Parser(shell.out)
         try {
             var bssids = listOfNotNull(group?.owner?.deviceAddress, ownerAddress)
                     .distinct()
@@ -68,6 +61,7 @@ class P2pSupplicantConfiguration(private val group: WifiP2pGroup? = null, ownerA
                             false
                         }
                     }
+            val parser = Parser(config.lineSequence().iterator())
             while (parser.next()) {
                 if (parser.trimmed.startsWith("network={")) {
                     val block = NetworkBlock()
@@ -129,22 +123,22 @@ class P2pSupplicantConfiguration(private val group: WifiP2pGroup? = null, ownerA
                     if (target == null) target = this
                 })
             }
-            Content(result, target!!.apply {
+            content = Content(result, target!!.apply {
                 RepeaterService.lastMac = bssid!!
-            }, persistentMacLine, shell.err.isNotEmpty())
+            }, persistentMacLine, legacy)
-        } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
             FirebaseCrashlytics.getInstance().apply {
-                setCustomKey(TAG, parser.lines.joinToString("\n"))
+                setCustomKey(TAG, config)
                 setCustomKey("$TAG.ownerAddress", ownerAddress.toString())
                 setCustomKey("$TAG.p2pGroup", group.toString())
             }
             throw e
         }
     }
-    val psk = group?.passphrase ?: content.target.psk!!
+    val psk by lazy { group?.passphrase ?: content.target.psk!! }
-    val bssid = MacAddressCompat.fromString(content.target.bssid!!)
+    val bssid by lazy { MacAddressCompat.fromString(content.target.bssid!!) }
 
-    fun update(ssid: String, psk: String, bssid: MacAddressCompat?) {
+    suspend fun update(ssid: String, psk: String, bssid: MacAddressCompat?) {
         val (lines, block, persistentMacLine, legacy) = content
         block[block.ssidLine!!] = "\tssid=" + ssid.toByteArray()
                 .joinToString("") { (it.toInt() and 255).toString(16).padStart(2, '0') }
@@ -153,25 +147,6 @@ class P2pSupplicantConfiguration(private val group: WifiP2pGroup? = null, ownerA
             persistentMacLine?.let { lines[it] = PERSISTENT_MAC + bssid }
             block[block.bssidLine!!] = "\tbssid=$bssid"
         }
-        val tempFile = File.createTempFile("vpnhotspot-", ".conf", app.deviceStorage.cacheDir)
+        RootManager.use { it.execute(RepeaterCommands.WriteP2pConfig(lines.joinToString("\n"), legacy)) }
-        try {
-            tempFile.printWriter().use { writer ->
-                lines.forEach { writer.println(it) }
-            }
-            // pkill not available on Lollipop. Source: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/master/shell_and_utilities/README.md
-            RootSession.use {
-                it.exec("cat ${tempFile.absolutePath} > ${if (legacy) CONF_PATH_LEGACY else CONF_PATH_TREBLE}")
-                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) it.exec("pkill wpa_supplicant") else {
-                    val result = try {
-                        it.execOut("ps | grep wpa_supplicant").split(whitespaceMatcher).apply { check(size >= 2) }
-                    } catch (e: Exception) {
-                        throw IllegalStateException("wpa_supplicant not found, please toggle Airplane mode manually", e)
-                    }
-                    it.exec("kill ${result[1]}")
-                }
-            }
-        } finally {
-            if (!tempFile.delete()) tempFile.deleteOnExit()
-        }
     }
 }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/wifi/SoftApConfigurationCompat.kt

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ data class SoftApConfigurationCompat(
         /**
          * TODO
          */
-        const val BAND_ANY = -1
+        const val BAND_ANY = 0
-        const val BAND_2GHZ = 0
+        const val BAND_2GHZ = 1
-        const val BAND_5GHZ = 1
+        const val BAND_5GHZ = 2
-        const val BAND_6GHZ = 2
+        const val BAND_6GHZ = 3
         const val CH_INVALID = 0
 
         // TODO: localize?
@@ -144,7 +144,9 @@ data class SoftApConfigurationCompat(
             classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setBssid", MacAddress::class.java)
         }
         @get:RequiresApi(30)
-        private val setChannel by lazy { classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setChannel", Int::class.java) }
+        private val setChannel by lazy {
+            classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setChannel", Int::class.java, Int::class.java)
+        }
         @get:RequiresApi(30)
         private val setClientControlByUserEnabled by lazy {
             classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setClientControlByUserEnabled", Boolean::class.java)
@@ -156,7 +158,9 @@ data class SoftApConfigurationCompat(
             classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setMaxNumberOfClients", Int::class.java)
         }
         @get:RequiresApi(30)
-        private val setPassphrase by lazy { classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setPassphrase", String::class.java) }
+        private val setPassphrase by lazy {
+            classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setPassphrase", String::class.java, Int::class.java)
+        }
         @get:RequiresApi(30)
         private val setShutdownTimeoutMillis by lazy {
             classBuilder.getDeclaredMethod("setShutdownTimeoutMillis", Long::class.java)
@@ -186,7 +190,7 @@ data class SoftApConfigurationCompat(
                     }
                 },
                 preSharedKey,
-                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) apBand.getInt(this) else BAND_ANY,         // TODO
+                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) apBand.getInt(this) + 1 else BAND_ANY,     // TODO
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) apChannel.getInt(this) else CH_INVALID,    // TODO
                 BSSID?.let { MacAddressCompat.fromString(it) }?.addr,
                 0,  // TODO: unsupported field should have @RequiresApi?
@@ -275,10 +279,10 @@ data class SoftApConfigurationCompat(
         // TODO: can we always call copy constructor?
         val builder = if (sac == null) classBuilder.newInstance() else newBuilder.newInstance(sac)
         setSsid(builder, ssid)
-        // TODO: setSecurityType
+        setPassphrase(builder, passphrase, securityType)
-        setPassphrase(builder, passphrase)
+        // TODO: how to use these?
-        setBand(builder, band)
+//        setBand(builder, band)
-        setChannel(builder, channel)
+//        setChannel(builder, band, channel)
         setBssid(builder, bssid?.toPlatform())
         setMaxNumberOfClients(builder, maxNumberOfClients)
         setShutdownTimeoutMillis(builder, shutdownTimeoutMillis)

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/wifi/WifiApManager.kt

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
 import android.os.Build
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
-import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.SoftApConfigurationCompat.Companion.toCompat
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 
 object WifiApManager {
     private val getWifiApConfiguration by lazy { WifiManager::class.java.getDeclaredMethod("getWifiApConfiguration") }
@@ -22,22 +22,18 @@ object WifiApManager {
         WifiManager::class.java.getDeclaredMethod("setSoftApConfiguration", SoftApConfiguration::class.java)
     }
 
-    var configuration: SoftApConfigurationCompat
+    val configuration get() = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 30) @Suppress("DEPRECATION") {
-        get() = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 30) @Suppress("DEPRECATION") {
+        (getWifiApConfiguration(Services.wifi) as android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration?)?.toCompat()
-            (getWifiApConfiguration(app.wifi) as android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration?)?.toCompat()
+                ?: SoftApConfigurationCompat.empty()
-                    ?: SoftApConfigurationCompat.empty()
+    } else (getSoftApConfiguration(Services.wifi) as SoftApConfiguration).toCompat()
-        } else (getSoftApConfiguration(app.wifi) as SoftApConfiguration).toCompat()
+    fun setConfiguration(value: SoftApConfigurationCompat) = (if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 30) @Suppress("DEPRECATION") {
-        set(value) = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 30) @Suppress("DEPRECATION") {
+        setWifiApConfiguration(Services.wifi, value.toWifiConfiguration())
-            require(setWifiApConfiguration(app.wifi,
+    } else setSoftApConfiguration(Services.wifi, value.toPlatform())) as Boolean
-                    value.toWifiConfiguration()) as Boolean) { "setWifiApConfiguration failed" }
-        } else require(setSoftApConfiguration(app.wifi, value.toPlatform()) as Boolean) {
-            "setSoftApConfiguration failed"
-        }
 
     private val cancelLocalOnlyHotspotRequest by lazy {
         WifiManager::class.java.getDeclaredMethod("cancelLocalOnlyHotspotRequest")
     }
-    fun cancelLocalOnlyHotspotRequest() = cancelLocalOnlyHotspotRequest(app.wifi)
+    fun cancelLocalOnlyHotspotRequest() = cancelLocalOnlyHotspotRequest(Services.wifi)
 
     @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
     private val setWifiApEnabled by lazy {
@@ -66,13 +62,13 @@ object WifiApManager {
     @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
     @Deprecated("Not usable since API 26, malfunctioning on API 25")
     fun start(wifiConfig: android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration? = null) {
-        app.wifi.isWifiEnabled = false
+        Services.wifi.isWifiEnabled = false
-        app.wifi.setWifiApEnabled(wifiConfig, true)
+        Services.wifi.setWifiApEnabled(wifiConfig, true)
     }
     @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
     @Deprecated("Not usable since API 26")
     fun stop() {
-        app.wifi.setWifiApEnabled(null, false)
+        Services.wifi.setWifiApEnabled(null, false)
-        app.wifi.isWifiEnabled = true
+        Services.wifi.isWifiEnabled = true
     }
 }

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/net/wifi/WifiDoubleLock.kt

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import androidx.core.content.getSystemService
 import androidx.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleObserver
 import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
 
 /**
  * This mechanism is used to maximize profit. Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/29657230/2245107
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ class WifiDoubleLock(lockType: Int) : AutoCloseable {
         override fun onDestroy(owner: LifecycleOwner) = app.pref.unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this)
     }
 
-    private val wifi = app.wifi.createWifiLock(lockType, "vpnhotspot:wifi").apply { acquire() }
+    private val wifi = Services.wifi.createWifiLock(lockType, "vpnhotspot:wifi").apply { acquire() }
     @SuppressLint("WakelockTimeout")
     private val power = service.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, "vpnhotspot:power").apply { acquire() }
 

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/root/MiscCommands.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Parcelable
+import android.os.RemoteException
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.*
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.Routing
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.TetheringManager
+import kotlinx.android.parcel.Parcelize
+import kotlinx.coroutines.*
+import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.produce
+import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.io.InterruptedIOException
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor
+
+@Parcelize
+class Dump(val path: String, val cacheDir: File = app.deviceStorage.codeCacheDir) : RootCommandNoResult {
+    @Suppress("BlockingMethodInNonBlockingContext")
+    override suspend fun execute() = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        FileOutputStream(path, true).use { out ->
+            val process = ProcessBuilder("sh").redirectErrorStream(true).start()
+            process.outputStream.bufferedWriter().use { commands ->
+                // https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/iptables/+/android-7.0.0_r1/iptables/Android.mk#34
+                val iptablesSave = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) "iptables-save" else
+                    File(cacheDir, "iptables-save").absolutePath.also {
+                        commands.appendln("ln -sf /system/bin/iptables $it")
+                    }
+                val ip6tablesSave = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) "ip6tables-save" else
+                    File(cacheDir, "ip6tables-save").absolutePath.also {
+                        commands.appendln("ln -sf /system/bin/ip6tables $it")
+                    }
+                commands.appendln("""
+                    |echo dumpsys ${Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE}
+                    |dumpsys ${Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE}
+                    |echo
+                    |echo dumpsys ${Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE} tethering
+                    |dumpsys ${Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE} tethering
+                    |echo
+                    |echo iptables -t filter
+                    |$iptablesSave -t filter
+                    |echo
+                    |echo iptables -t nat
+                    |$iptablesSave -t nat
+                    |echo
+                    |echo ip6tables-save
+                    |$ip6tablesSave
+                    |echo
+                    |echo ip rule
+                    |ip rule
+                    |echo
+                    |echo ip neigh
+                    |ip neigh
+                    |echo
+                    |echo iptables -nvx -L vpnhotspot_fwd
+                    |${Routing.IPTABLES} -nvx -L vpnhotspot_fwd
+                    |echo
+                    |echo iptables -nvx -L vpnhotspot_acl
+                    |${Routing.IPTABLES} -nvx -L vpnhotspot_acl
+                    |echo
+                    |echo logcat-su
+                    |logcat -d
+                """.trimMargin())
+            }
+            process.inputStream.copyTo(out)
+            check(process.waitFor() == 0)
+        }
+        null
+    }
+}
+
+sealed class ProcessData : Parcelable {
+    @Parcelize
+    data class StdoutLine(val line: String) : ProcessData()
+    @Parcelize
+    data class StderrLine(val line: String) : ProcessData()
+    @Parcelize
+    data class Exit(val code: Int) : ProcessData()
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+class ProcessListener(private val terminateRegex: Regex,
+                      private vararg val command: String) : RootCommandChannel<ProcessData> {
+    override fun create(scope: CoroutineScope) = scope.produce(Dispatchers.IO, capacity) {
+        val process = ProcessBuilder(*command).start()
+        val parent = Job()  // we need to destroy process before joining, so we cannot use coroutineScope
+        try {
+            launch(parent) {
+                try {
+                    process.inputStream.bufferedReader().forEachLine {
+                        check(offer(ProcessData.StdoutLine(it)))
+                        if (terminateRegex.containsMatchIn(it)) process.destroy()
+                    }
+                } catch (_: InterruptedIOException) { }
+            }
+            launch(parent) {
+                try {
+                    process.errorStream.bufferedReader().forEachLine { check(offer(ProcessData.StderrLine(it))) }
+                } catch (_: InterruptedIOException) { }
+            }
+            launch(parent) { check(offer(ProcessData.Exit(process.waitFor()))) }
+            parent.join()
+        } finally {
+            parent.cancel()
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 26) process.destroy() else if (process.isAlive) process.destroyForcibly()
+            parent.join()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+class ReadArp : RootCommand<ParcelableString> {
+    override suspend fun execute() = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        ParcelableString(File("/proc/net/arp").bufferedReader().readText())
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+@RequiresApi(30)
+class StartTethering(private val type: Int, private val showProvisioningUi: Boolean) : RootCommand<ParcelableInt?> {
+    override suspend fun execute(): ParcelableInt? {
+        val future = CompletableDeferred<Int?>()
+        val callback = object : TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
+            override fun onTetheringStarted() {
+                future.complete(null)
+            }
+
+            override fun onTetheringFailed(error: Int?) {
+                future.complete(error!!)
+            }
+        }
+        TetheringManager.startTethering(type, true, showProvisioningUi, Executor {
+            GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Unconfined) { it.run() }
+        }, TetheringManager.proxy(callback))
+        return future.await()?.let { ParcelableInt(it) }
+    }
+}
+
+@Deprecated("Old API since API 30")
+@Parcelize
+@RequiresApi(24)
+@Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+class StartTetheringLegacy(private val cacheDir: File, private val type: Int,
+                           private val showProvisioningUi: Boolean) : RootCommand<ParcelableBoolean> {
+    override suspend fun execute(): ParcelableBoolean {
+        val future = CompletableDeferred<Boolean>()
+        val callback = object : TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
+            override fun onTetheringStarted() {
+                future.complete(true)
+            }
+
+            override fun onTetheringFailed(error: Int?) {
+                check(error == null)
+                future.complete(false)
+            }
+        }
+        TetheringManager.startTetheringLegacy(type, showProvisioningUi, callback, cacheDir = cacheDir)
+        return ParcelableBoolean(future.await())
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+@RequiresApi(24)
+class StopTethering(private val type: Int) : RootCommandNoResult {
+    override suspend fun execute(): Parcelable? {
+        TetheringManager.stopTethering(type)
+        return null
+    }
+}
+
+@Parcelize
+class SettingsGlobalPut(val name: String, val value: String) : RootCommandNoResult {
+    @Suppress("BlockingMethodInNonBlockingContext")
+    override suspend fun execute() = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val process = ProcessBuilder("settings", "put", "global", name, value).redirectErrorStream(true).start()
+        val error = process.inputStream.bufferedReader().readText()
+        check(process.waitFor() == 0)
+        if (error.isNotEmpty()) throw RemoteException(error)
+        null
+    }
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/root/RepeaterCommands.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root
+
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.Parcelable
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants
+import android.text.TextUtils
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.ParcelableInt
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootCommand
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootCommandNoResult
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiP2pManagerHelper.setWifiP2pChannels
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
+import eu.chainfire.librootjava.RootJava
+import kotlinx.android.parcel.Parcelize
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CompletableDeferred
+import java.io.File
+
+object RepeaterCommands {
+    @Parcelize
+    class SetChannel(private val oc: Int, private val forceReinit: Boolean = false) : RootCommand<ParcelableInt?> {
+        override suspend fun execute() = Services.p2p!!.run {
+            if (forceReinit) channel = null
+            val uninitializer = object : WifiP2pManager.ChannelListener {
+                var target: WifiP2pManager.Channel? = null
+                override fun onChannelDisconnected() {
+                    if (target == channel) channel = null
+                }
+            }
+            val channel = channel ?: initialize(RootJava.getSystemContext(),
+                    Looper.getMainLooper(), uninitializer)
+            uninitializer.target = channel
+            RepeaterCommands.channel = channel  // cache the instance until invalidated
+            val future = CompletableDeferred<Int?>()
+            setWifiP2pChannels(channel, 0, oc, object : WifiP2pManager.ActionListener {
+                override fun onSuccess() {
+                    future.complete(null)
+                }
+
+                override fun onFailure(reason: Int) {
+                    future.complete(reason)
+                }
+            })
+            future.await()?.let { ParcelableInt(it) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Parcelize
+    data class WriteP2pConfig(val data: String, val legacy: Boolean) : RootCommandNoResult {
+        override suspend fun execute(): Parcelable? {
+            File(if (legacy) CONF_PATH_LEGACY else CONF_PATH_TREBLE).writeText(data)
+            for (process in File("/proc").listFiles { _, name -> TextUtils.isDigitsOnly(name) }!!) {
+                if (File(File(process, "cmdline").inputStream().bufferedReader().readText()
+                                .split(Char.MIN_VALUE, limit = 2).first()).name == "wpa_supplicant") {
+                    Os.kill(process.name.toInt(), OsConstants.SIGTERM)
+                }
+            }
+            return null
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Parcelize
+    class ReadP2pConfig : RootCommand<WriteP2pConfig> {
+        private fun test(path: String) = File(path).run {
+            if (canRead()) readText() else null
+        }
+
+        override suspend fun execute(): WriteP2pConfig {
+            test(CONF_PATH_TREBLE)?.let { return WriteP2pConfig(it, false) }
+            test(CONF_PATH_LEGACY)?.let { return WriteP2pConfig(it, true) }
+            throw IllegalStateException("p2p config file not found")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private const val CONF_PATH_TREBLE = "/data/vendor/wifi/wpa/p2p_supplicant.conf"
+    private const val CONF_PATH_LEGACY = "/data/misc/wifi/p2p_supplicant.conf"
+    private var channel: WifiP2pManager.Channel? = null
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/root/RootManager.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root
+
+import android.os.Parcelable
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootCommandNoResult
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootServer
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootSession
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.BuildConfig
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.Services
+import eu.chainfire.librootjava.RootJava
+import kotlinx.android.parcel.Parcelize
+import timber.log.Timber
+
+object RootManager : RootSession() {
+    @Parcelize
+    class RootInit : RootCommandNoResult {
+        override suspend fun execute(): Parcelable? {
+            Services.init(RootJava.getSystemContext())
+            return null
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun createServer() = RootServer { Timber.w(it) }
+    override suspend fun initServer(server: RootServer) {
+        RootServer.DEBUG = BuildConfig.DEBUG
+        try {
+            server.init(app)
+        } finally {
+            server.readUnexpectedStderr()?.let { Timber.e(it) }
+        }
+        server.execute(RootInit())
+    }
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/root/RoutingCommands.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root
+
+import android.os.Parcelable
+import android.util.Log
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootCommand
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootCommandOneWay
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.Routing
+import kotlinx.android.parcel.Parcelize
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.async
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+
+object RoutingCommands {
+    @Parcelize
+    class Clean : RootCommandOneWay {
+        @Suppress("BlockingMethodInNonBlockingContext")
+        override suspend fun execute() = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+            val process = ProcessBuilder("sh").redirectErrorStream(true).start()
+            process.outputStream.bufferedWriter().use(Routing.Companion::appendCleanCommands)
+            when (val code = process.waitFor()) {
+                0 -> { }
+                else -> Log.d("RoutingCommands.Clean", "Unexpected exit code $code")
+            }
+            check(process.waitFor() == 0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    class UnexpectedOutputException(msg: String, val result: ProcessResult) : RuntimeException(msg)
+
+    @Parcelize
+    data class ProcessResult(val exit: Int, val out: String, val err: String) : Parcelable {
+        fun message(command: List<String>, out: Boolean = this.out.isNotEmpty(),
+                    err: Boolean = this.err.isNotEmpty()): String? {
+            val msg = StringBuilder("${command.joinToString(" ")} exited with $exit")
+            if (out) msg.append("\n${this.out}")
+            if (err) msg.append("\n=== stderr ===\n${this.err}")
+            return if (exit != 0 || out || err) msg.toString() else null
+        }
+
+        fun check(command: List<String>, out: Boolean = this.out.isNotEmpty(),
+                  err: Boolean = this.err.isNotEmpty()) = message(command, out, err)?.let { msg ->
+             throw UnexpectedOutputException(msg, this)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Parcelize
+    class Process(val command: List<String>, private val redirect: Boolean = false) : RootCommand<ProcessResult> {
+        @Suppress("BlockingMethodInNonBlockingContext")
+        override suspend fun execute() = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+            val process = ProcessBuilder(command).redirectErrorStream(redirect).start()
+            coroutineScope {
+                val output = async { process.inputStream.bufferedReader().readText() }
+                val error = async { if (redirect) "" else process.errorStream.bufferedReader().readText() }
+                ProcessResult(process.waitFor(), output.await(), error.await())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/root/WifiApCommands.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root
+
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.ParcelableBoolean
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootCommand
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.SoftApConfigurationCompat
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.wifi.WifiApManager
+import kotlinx.android.parcel.Parcelize
+
+object WifiApCommands {
+    @Parcelize
+    class GetConfiguration : RootCommand<SoftApConfigurationCompat> {
+        override suspend fun execute() = WifiApManager.configuration
+    }
+
+    @Parcelize
+    data class SetConfiguration(val configuration: SoftApConfigurationCompat) : RootCommand<ParcelableBoolean> {
+        override suspend fun execute() = ParcelableBoolean(WifiApManager.setConfiguration(configuration))
+    }
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/util/RootSession.kt

@@ -1,127 +1,50 @@
 package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util
 
-import android.os.Looper
+import be.mygod.librootkotlinx.RootServer
-import androidx.annotation.WorkerThread
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RootManager
-import com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
+import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.root.RoutingCommands
-import kotlinx.coroutines.*
+import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 import timber.log.Timber
 import java.util.*
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock
-import kotlin.collections.ArrayList
 import kotlin.concurrent.withLock
 
 class RootSession : AutoCloseable {
     companion object {
         private val monitor = ReentrantLock()
-        private fun onUnlock() {
-            if (monitor.holdCount == 1) instance?.startTimeoutLocked()
-        }
-        private fun unlock() {
-            onUnlock()
-            monitor.unlock()
-        }
 
-        private var instance: RootSession? = null
+        fun <T> use(operation: (RootSession) -> T) = monitor.withLock { operation(RootSession()) }
-        private fun ensureInstance(): RootSession {
-            var instance = instance
-            if (instance == null || !instance.isAlive) instance = RootSession().also { RootSession.instance = it }
-            return instance
-        }
-        fun <T> use(operation: (RootSession) -> T) = monitor.withLock {
-            val instance = ensureInstance()
-            instance.haltTimeoutLocked()
-            operation(instance).also { onUnlock() }
-        }
         fun beginTransaction(): Transaction {
             monitor.lock()
             val instance = try {
-                ensureInstance()
+                RootSession()
             } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
-                unlock()
+                monitor.unlock()
                 throw e
             }
-            instance.haltTimeoutLocked()
             return instance.Transaction()
         }
-
-        @WorkerThread
-        fun trimMemory() = monitor.withLock {
-            val instance = instance ?: return
-            instance.haltTimeoutLocked()
-            instance.close()
-        }
-
-        fun checkOutput(command: String, result: Shell.Result, out: Boolean = result.out.isNotEmpty(),
-                        err: Boolean = result.err.isNotEmpty()): String {
-            val msg = StringBuilder("$command exited with ${result.code}")
-            if (out) result.out.forEach { msg.append("\n$it") }
-            if (err) result.err.forEach { msg.append("\nE $it") }
-            if (!result.isSuccess || out || err) throw UnexpectedOutputException(msg.toString(), result)
-            return msg.toString()
-        }
     }
 
-    class UnexpectedOutputException(msg: String, val result: Shell.Result) : RuntimeException(msg)
+    private var server: RootServer? = runBlocking { RootManager.acquire() }
-
-    init {
-        check(Looper.getMainLooper().thread != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            "Unable to initialize shell in main thread" // https://github.com/topjohnwu/libsu/issues/33
-        }
-    }
-
-    private val shell = Shell.newInstance("su")
-    private val stdout = ArrayList<String>()
-    private val stderr = ArrayList<String>()
-
-    private val isAlive get() = shell.isAlive
     override fun close() {
-        shell.close()
+        server = null
-        if (instance == this) instance = null
+        server?.let { runBlocking { RootManager.release(it) } }
-    }
-
-    private var timeoutJob: Job? = null
-    private fun startTimeoutLocked() {
-        check(timeoutJob == null)
-        timeoutJob = GlobalScope.launch(start = CoroutineStart.UNDISPATCHED) {
-            delay(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(5))
-            monitor.withLock {
-                close()
-                timeoutJob = null
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    private fun haltTimeoutLocked() {
-        timeoutJob?.cancel()
-        timeoutJob = null
     }
 
     /**
      * Don't care about the results, but still sync.
      */
-    fun submit(command: String) {
+    fun submit(command: String) = execQuiet(command).message(listOf(command))?.let { Timber.v(it) }
-        val result = execQuiet(command)
-        val err = result.err.joinToString("\n") { "E $it" }.trim()
-        val out = result.out.joinToString("\n").trim()
-        if (result.code != 0 || err.isNotEmpty() || out.isNotEmpty()) {
-            Timber.v("$command exited with ${result.code}")
-            if (err.isNotEmpty()) Timber.v(err)
-            if (out.isNotEmpty()) Timber.v(out)
-        }
-    }
 
-    fun execQuiet(command: String, redirect: Boolean = false): Shell.Result {
+    fun execQuiet(command: String, redirect: Boolean = false) = runBlocking {
-        stdout.clear()
+        server!!.execute(RoutingCommands.Process(listOf("sh", "-c", command), redirect))
-        return shell.newJob().add(command).to(stdout, if (redirect) stdout else {
-            stderr.clear()
-            stderr
-        }).exec()
     }
-    fun exec(command: String) = checkOutput(command, execQuiet(command))
+    fun exec(command: String) = execQuiet(command).check(listOf(command))
     fun execOut(command: String): String {
         val result = execQuiet(command)
-        checkOutput(command, result, false)
+        result.check(listOf(command), false)
-        return result.out.joinToString("\n")
+        return result.out
     }
 
     /**
@@ -130,13 +53,13 @@ class RootSession : AutoCloseable {
     inner class Transaction {
         private val revertCommands = LinkedList<String>()
 
-        fun exec(command: String, revert: String? = null) = checkOutput(command, execQuiet(command, revert))
+        fun exec(command: String, revert: String? = null) = execQuiet(command, revert).check(listOf(command))
-        fun execQuiet(command: String, revert: String? = null): Shell.Result {
+        fun execQuiet(command: String, revert: String? = null): RoutingCommands.ProcessResult {
             if (revert != null) revertCommands.addFirst(revert) // add first just in case exec fails
             return this@RootSession.execQuiet(command)
         }
 
-        fun commit() = unlock()
+        fun commit() = monitor.unlock()
 
         fun revert() {
             if (revertCommands.isEmpty()) return
@@ -145,15 +68,14 @@ class RootSession : AutoCloseable {
                 val shell = if (locked) this@RootSession else {
                     monitor.lock()
                     locked = true
-                    ensureInstance()
+                    RootSession()
                 }
-                shell.haltTimeoutLocked()
                 revertCommands.forEach { shell.submit(it) }
-            } catch (e: RuntimeException) { // if revert fails, it should fail silently
+            } catch (e: RuntimeException) {     // if revert fails, it should fail silently
                 Timber.d(e)
             } finally {
                 revertCommands.clear()
-                if (locked) unlock()        // commit
+                if (locked) monitor.unlock()    // commit
             }
         }
 

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/util/Services.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.core.content.getSystemService
+import timber.log.Timber
+
+@SuppressLint("LogNotTimber")
+object Services {
+    lateinit var context: Context
+    fun init(context: Context) {
+        this.context = context
+    }
+
+    val connectivity by lazy { context.getSystemService<ConnectivityManager>()!! }
+    val p2p by lazy {
+        try {
+            context.getSystemService<WifiP2pManager>()
+        } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
+            if (android.os.Process.myUid() == 0) Log.w("WifiP2pManager", e) else Timber.w(e)
+            null
+        }
+    }
+    val wifi by lazy { context.getSystemService<WifiManager>()!! }
+}

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/util/Utils.kt

@@ -25,12 +25,15 @@ import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.net.MacAddressCompat
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.widget.SmartSnackbar
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
 import java.lang.reflect.Method
 import java.net.InetAddress
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
 import java.net.SocketException
 
-val Throwable.readableMessage get() = localizedMessage ?: javaClass.name
+val Throwable.readableMessage: String get() = if (this is InvocationTargetException) {
+    targetException.readableMessage
+} else localizedMessage ?: javaClass.name
 
 /**
  * This is a hack: we wrap longs around in 1 billion and such. Hopefully every language counts in base 10 and this works

mobile/src/main/java/be/mygod/vpnhotspot/widget/SmartSnackbar.kt

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import androidx.lifecycle.findViewTreeLifecycleOwner
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.App.Companion.app
 import be.mygod.vpnhotspot.util.readableMessage
 import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar
-import com.topjohnwu.superuser.NoShellException
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference
 
 sealed class SmartSnackbar {
@@ -26,10 +25,7 @@ sealed class SmartSnackbar {
                 ToastWrapper(Toast.makeText(app, text, Toast.LENGTH_LONG))
             } else SnackbarWrapper(Snackbar.make(holder, text, Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG))
         }
-        fun make(e: Throwable) = make(when (e) {
+        fun make(e: Throwable) = make(e.readableMessage)
-            is NoShellException -> e.cause ?: e
-            else -> e
-        }.readableMessage)
     }
 
     class Register(private val view: View) : DefaultLifecycleObserver {